Genesis 6 and the Sons of God

Genesis 6:1-4 records an event that has puzzled scholars for years. Scholarly views vary concerning the meaning of the phrase “sons of God” in verses 2 and 4. There are three major views concerning this passage. In the first view, the “sons of God” are understood to refer to the godly line of Seth which intermarried with the ungodly line of Cain. Warren Wiersbe states, “What was Satan’s plan for defeating God’s people in Noah’s day? To entice the godly line of Seth (“the sons of God”) to mix with the ungodly line of Cain (“the daughters of men”) and thus abandon their devotion to the Lord.”[1] Thomas Constable agrees with Wiersbe. A second view is that demon possessed men married women. Concerning this view, Allen P. Ross states, “They [the sons of God] were probably powerful rulers who were controlled (indwelt) by fallen angels. It may be that fallen angels left their habitation and inhabited bodies of human despots and warriors, the mighty ones of the earth.”[2] Henry Morris agrees, saying, “these fallen angelic ‘sons of God’ accomplished their purposes by something equivalent to demon possession, indwelling the bodies of human men, and then also taking (or “possessing”) the bodies of the women as well.”[3] A third view is that the “sons of God” refers to fallen angels who took human form and cohabited with women to produce a genetically mixed race of beings. This view finds linguistic support, for the Hebrew phrase, bene ha-Elohim (בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים) is used only a few times in Scripture, and in each occurrence, it refers to angels (Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7). The argument for why these fallen angels would do this was to prevent God from fulfilling His word to Eve, that a “seed” would come from her body that would crush the head of the serpent (Gen 3:15). In favor of the fallen angel view, Arnold Fruchtenbaum writes:

Genesis 6:2 records the actual intermarriage that occurred. The first statement, that the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair, presents the crisis. The sons of God in Hebrew is bnei ha-Elohim. This term, in the Hebrew Bible, is always a reference to angels, both good and bad ones. Examples occur in Job 1:6 and 2:1, where Satan was among the sons of God, and in Job 38:7 where the sons of God were present at creation. The Septuagint uses the same term in Deuteronomy 32:8, where it refers to angels. A variation of this term is bnei eilim, which is usually translated as “the sons of the Mighty,” a term also used of angels. Examples include: Psalm 29:1, the sons of the mighty or the sons of God; Psalm 89:6, the son of the mighty or the sons of God; and Psalm 82:6 uses a different variation, the sons of the Most High. Another form is the Aramaic bar Elohim, which means a son of God. So everywhere else this word is used, it is always in reference to angels, a point on which all expositors concur. Nevertheless, some wish to make Genesis 6 the one exception. However, it is not wise to make exceptions unless there are very good exegetical reasons to do so, and there is no good reason to make this one passage the exception to the rule.[4]

The NT would seem to support this understanding as well. The apostle Peter wrote about angels who are “now in prison” (1 Pet 3:19). Peter states these demons “were disobedient” during “the days of Noah” (1 Pet 3:20). In his second epistle, Peter wrote, “God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell [Τάρταρος Tartaros – an abode of the damned] and committed them to pits of darkness, reserved for judgment” (2 Pet 2:4). Their angelic sin is connected with the days of Noah, in which God “did not spare the ancient world, but preserved Noah, a preacher of righteousness, with seven others, when He brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly” (2 Pet 2:5). Jude—the Lord’s half-brother—wrote about these fallen angels, saying, “And angels who did not keep their own domain, but abandoned their proper abode, He has kept in eternal bonds under darkness for the judgment of the great day” (Jude 1:6). Jude tells us something about their sin being connected with immoral sexual behavior, comparing it to “Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, since they [the Sodomites] in the same way as these [fallen angels] indulged in gross immorality and went after strange flesh, are exhibited as an example in undergoing the punishment of eternal fire” (Jude 1:7). Concerning this statement by Jude, William MacDonald writes:

“We believe that Jude is referring to what is recorded in Genesis 6:1–7. The sons of God left their proper estate as angelic beings, came down to the earth in human form, and married the daughters of men. This marital union was contrary to God’s order and an abomination to Him. There may be a suggestion in verse 4 that these unnatural marriages produced offspring of tremendous strength and wickedness.”[5]

One objection to the fallen angel view is that Jesus said of resurrected believers, that they will not marry, “but are like angels in heaven” (Mat 22:30). This is true of believers in resurrected bodies who are obedient to the Lord in the eternal state. In this regard, they are obedient, “like angels in heaven” are obedient. However, fallen angels are not obedient, and so the argument from Matthew does not seem to apply.

It is noteworthy that the fallen angel view was held by Jewish scholars for centuries before the birth of Christ, and the same view was held by the early church for the first three centuries after the birth of Jesus.[6] It was not until the fourth century AD, especially under the influence of Augustine, that Christians began promoting the view that the “sons of God” in Genesis 6 referred instead to the godly line of Seth (City of God 15.23).

Lastly, it is possible these imprisoned angels are the ones currently kept in the Abyss, a temporary spiritual prison, and will be released during the Tribulation to inflict God’s judgment upon the world. This demonic hoard will be led by a powerful angel whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon and in Greek Apollyon (Rev 9:1-12). Additionally, four unnamed, but very dangerous angels, are said to be bound under the River Euphrates (Rev 9:13-16). These four angels will kill one third of mankind during the Great Tribulation.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

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[1] Warren W. Wiersbe, Be Basic, “Be” Commentary Series (Colorado Springs, CO: Chariot Victor Pub., 1998), 88.

[2] Allen P. Ross, “Genesis,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 1 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 36.

[3] Henry M. Morris, The Genesis Record: A Scientific and Devotional Commentary on the Book of Beginnings (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1976), 169.

[4] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Ariel’s Bible Commentary: The Book of Genesis, 1st ed. (San Antonio, TX: Ariel Ministries, 2008), 145.

[5] William MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments, ed. Arthur Farstad (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1995), 2341.

[6] For example, the Book of 1 Enoch—a widely read Jewish text from the Second Temple period—states, “And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied… the angels, the children of the heaven, saw and lusted after them, and said to one another: ‘Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men’” (1 Enoch 6:1–2). This interpretation remained dominant in early Christianity, with church fathers such as Justin Martyr affirming that “the angels transgressed this appointment… and begat children who are those that are called demons and devils” (Second Apology 5).

A Demonic Encounter

Camp Cedar Crest Sign

It was summertime in southern California. The year was 1976 and I was nine years of age. My parents put me on a church bus and shipped me off to Camp Cedar Crest for a week. The sights and smells of the forest were wonderful. The camp was nestled in the mountains of southern California, and I spent each day with friends. We hiked, played baseball, swam, studied the Bible, and sang around the campfire. There was a big, open dining hall where everyone ate together. I remember the tall A-frame ceiling and the rows of tables that were lined up straight. I’ll never forget that someone dared me to sniff pepper. I sneezed about a dozen times. Everyone laughed. I never did that again. I had good fun at the camp and was glad I went.  

Camp rules required that I always be with a friend when walking around camp. It was smart because it was easy to get lost if you wandered away. I was with two friends one time and we wandered up a hill just beyond the swimming pool. We climbed on top of two round boulders that were as big as cars. The boulders were leaning against each other, and we sat on one with our feet on the other. As we sat and talked, one of my friends pushed with his legs and noticed that the boulder in front of us moved a little. We looked at each other with big smiles, and all together began to rock that boulder back and forth with our feet until it fell forward. To our surprise, that giant boulder began to roll downhill toward the camp and we looked at each other in sheer panic. Fortunately, after rolling several times, the boulder hit a few trees and came to a loud, crashing stop. The impact bent several trees toward the camp. As we jumped off the boulder on which we were perched, we heard someone running up the hill and saw a camp counselor headed our way. He came to inspect the sound of the rolling boulder and the crash it made as it hit the trees. We admitted we had pushed the boulder over, but did not intend for it to go as far as it did. We all got in trouble for going outside the camp bounds that day. My punishment consisted of a reprimand and spending thirty minutes at the cabin with my nose pressed into a small circle drawn on a chalkboard. I’ll never forget that rolling boulder or the smell of that chalkboard.

It was not all sunshine and fun for some of the kids at camp that summer. In our cabin there was a boy who kept to himself. I remember he woke one night, trembling and shaking, holding onto the edge of the steel bunk bed as he cried. Many of the kids avoided him, not knowing anything about him. He rarely talked and kept to himself. He seemed to do his best to hide, hoping to make it through the week unnoticed. I had no way of knowing there was something wrong; something dark. A demon was at work in our cabin.

On the last night of camp everyone was gathered at the amphitheater where we sang songs and watched a movie on a big screen. I think the movie was Herbie Rides Again, which had come out a year or two before. Even though it was summertime, I remember the evenings got cold in the mountains, and I had forgotten to bring my jacket with me. I asked a camp counselor if I could run back to my cabin and grab my sleeping bag. He said yes, but to take a friend or two with me. Two of my friends ran with me as we cut across paths and raced to our cabin. We entered the cabin and turned on the light and to our surprise we saw a boy huddled in the corner. It was the same boy who had been having bad dreams during the week and avoiding others. He was sitting in the darkness, crouched in the corner, as though terrified of someone or something. 

I remember telling the boy he was not supposed to be at the cabin alone because everyone was at the amphitheater watching the movie. He just stared at me. My friends and I approached him and he stood up. He moved away from the corner and positioned himself between two of the bunk beds that were against the wall. His eyes darted around the room as though some danger was present. He looked afraid and I felt compassion for him. I remember my grandmother praying with me when I was afraid, and without much thought, I asked him if it was alright if we prayed for him. To my surprise, he slowly nodded, and we approached him with arms outstretched toward his shoulders. A look of fear washed over his face as he quickly walked backward. His eyes were darting around and his facial movements quickened as we closed the gap of only a few feet between us. Suddenly, his head bowed and he became calm, eerily calm, with his shoulders limp at his side, standing like a lifeless doll. 

We prayed as our hands rested on the boy’s shoulders. We were praying a simple prayer to God as only children can do. Our prayer contained no great theology or eloquent speech. There was only a basic understanding from Scripture that we could call on God the Father in the name of Jesus in a time of need. It was simple faith simply applied. Suddenly the boy in front of us turned violent. He threw up his arms and knocked away our hands. He turned and grabbed hold of the steel frame of the bunk bed and began to rock it back and forth with great strength. He began to throw suitcases at us—the suitcases we’d packed earlier in anticipation of leaving the next morning. Without any thought, I grabbed him by the waist and wrestled him to the ground. His strength was more than I could handle, and my two friends jumped on top of him and helped hold his arms and legs to prevent his violence from causing harm. 

It was at that moment he began to growl. Deep guttural sounds came from him, sounds too deep for a human voice. He tossed his head back and forth, from right to left, and kept growling like a wild animal. I could feel the deep vibration in the tone of his voice. I was frightened. I wanted to run, but was afraid to let go. Then his head stopped for a moment and our eyes met. That’s when I knew. His once brown eyes were now frosty white. I could see the outline of an iris and pupil, but they were shades of white; not brown and black like before. Something had changed physically in the boy and I was staring into the eyes of what appeared to be a demon. I cried out to my friends to look, and when they saw what I saw, together we started crying out to the Lord for help. The boy continued to whip his head back and forth and occasionally stop and stare at me. I knew there was something supernatural at work; something dark. My friends and I lay on the floor of the cabin, shaking, hearts racing, too afraid to let go, and calling out to the only One we knew could help us.

After nearly ten minutes, the boy began to calm down. The growling began to subside. His head stopped turning from side to side and he looked upward toward the ceiling. After about a minute, I watched his eyes slowly fade from white to brown. Suddenly, the boy’s facial expression turned from anger to confusion. He looked around the room in bewilderment and wanted to know how he got on the floor and why we were holding him. I was fearful it was some sort of demonic trick and asked my friends not to release him for a few minutes. After we saw his eyes remain normal for a little bit, and his strength and behavior seemed normal, we let go of him and lifted him to his feet. He said the last thing he remembered was us praying over him and being extremely afraid, although he did not know why he was afraid. 

The boy then conveyed what he saw in his mind after we started praying for him. At first, he said he could hear our prayers, but our voices gradually softened and then there was silence. He said he was standing in complete darkness, when there appeared a light from above. Like a spotlight, it shone on a dark figure that was tall, dressed in a black cloak, with red eyes. The light appeared to cause distress to the dark figure, although it made no sound. The boy said he watched the figure thrash its arms around as though trying to fight off the light, but it could not. Slowly the figure began to fall backwards, swinging its arms violently as it fell, and after about ten minutes, it finally hit the ground. The boy said after the light faded away, he suddenly became aware us laying over him on the ground and crying out to the Lord for help. We were stunned at his account. 

We grabbed him by his arms and with nervous excitement we marched back up to the main campground and grabbed the nearest adult we could find and exclaimed a demon had just been cast out of this boy. We were so nervous and excited, we kept repeating ourselves. Several adults took the boy from us and went into a nearby room where they prayed over him and shared the gospel message. About twenty minutes later the boy emerged and came and talked with us. He said someone in his family was involved in occult practices and several months earlier he’d been encouraged to invite a “friendly spirit” into his life to help guide him. He accepted the invitation and welcomed the spirit into his life. That’s when his life changed for the worse and his fears and nightmares began. By the time we finished talking, the movie had ended and it was time to go back to our cabins for the night. I barely slept a wink. I doubt the other boys did either. 

This personal story is true as best I remember. My thoughts and memories are adequately clear to lead me to think this was a legitimate case of demon possession. I realize only those who were there that night can verify this account, and I’ve not been able to contact any of them since that event.

Looking back, I believe the turning point in the boy’s life was not that night in the cabin but months earlier when he willingly invited what he believed to be a “friendly spirit” into his life. That invitation opened the door to something far darker than he could have imagined. Satan seldom presents himself as an enemy. He disguises evil as something good, appealing, and helpful. That deception lies at the very heart of the occult.

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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