The King, the Kingdom, and the Coming Reign of Christ

Posted on May 11, 2026 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

God’s kingdom program is rooted in the covenants and unfolds progressively throughout Scripture. Central to that program is the Davidic Covenant, in which God promised David an eternal dynasty, throne, kingdom, and descendant who would rule forever (2 Sam. 7:12-13; Ps. 89:3-4, 34-37). David had an earthly kingdom, and his “throne shall be established forever” (2 Sam. 7:16). Isaiah declared that the promised Son would sit “on the throne of David and over his kingdom” and that His government and peace would never end (Isa. 9:6-7). Jeremiah foretold a “righteous Branch” from David who would reign wisely and execute justice in the land (Jer. 23:5-6; 33:14-17). Ezekiel spoke of a restored Israel living securely under “My servant David” (Ezek. 34:23-24; 37:24-28). Daniel saw the Son of Man receiving an everlasting dominion that would crush all Gentile kingdoms (Dan. 2:44; 7:13-14, 27). Zechariah announced that the Lord Himself would one day be “king over all the earth” (Zech. 14:9). The New Testament opens with these promises still intact, as Gabriel told Mary that Jesus would receive “the throne of His father David” and reign forever (Luke 1:31-33). Jesus is repeatedly identified as the Son of David and rightful heir to the kingdom promises (Matt. 1:1; Rom. 1:3; Rev. 22:16). The kingdom promised in Scripture is a literal, earthly kingdom in which Christ will rule on earth, fulfilling the prayer, “Your kingdom come. Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven” (Matt. 6:10).

Scripture also gives an extensive description of the ruler of this kingdom. The Messiah would come from the tribe of Judah and possess the scepter of rule (Gen. 49:10). He would be both human and divine, born of a virgin and called Immanuel (Isa. 7:14), “God with us” (Matt. 1:23; cf. John 1:1, 14; Col. 2:9), “Mighty God” and “Prince of Peace” (Isa. 9:6). Psalm 45 describes Him as a righteous king whose throne is eternal (Ps. 45:6-7), while Psalm 110 reveals Him as both King and Priest after the order of Melchizedek (Ps. 110:1-4). Isaiah 11 portrays Him as empowered by the Holy Spirit, ruling in righteousness and equity (Isa. 11:1-5). Micah declared that though He would be born in Bethlehem, His origins are “from the days of eternity” (Mic. 5:2). Yet before reigning in glory, the Messiah would first suffer for sin, bearing the iniquities of others (Isa. 53:1-12). The New Testament identifies Jesus as the fulfillment of these prophecies. He is the Son of David (Matt. 1:1), the King of Israel (John 1:49), and the returning conqueror who will rule the nations (Rev. 19:11-16).

At Christ’s first coming, the kingdom was genuinely offered to Israel. John the Baptist announced, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matt. 3:1-2).[1] Jesus proclaimed the same message and traveled throughout Israel “preaching the gospel of the kingdom” (Matt. 4:17, 23; 9:35). The disciples were sent specifically to “the lost sheep of the house of Israel” with the message that “the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matt. 10:5-7). Christ authenticated His messianic claims through miracles that fulfilled kingdom prophecies concerning healing and restoration (Isa. 35:5-6; Matt. 11:2-6; Acts 2:22). The offer was real, the King was present, and the credentials of the kingdom were publicly displayed. According to Pentecost:

The “Gospel of the kingdom” is what was preached by both John and Jesus (Matt. 3:2, 4–17). This “Gospel” was the Good News that the kingdom was near and was a message with both a soteriological (salvation) and an eschatological (prophetic) emphasis. This Gospel directed sinners to “the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world” (John 1:29) and promised the expectant ones that “the kingdom of heaven is near” (Matt. 3:2).^[2]

The Kingdom Rejected

Israel’s leadership rejected the King and committed the offense that led to the removal of the kingdom offer. This climactic rejection occurred when the Pharisees attributed Christ’s miracles, performed through the power of the Holy Spirit, to Satan himself (Matt. 12:22-24; Mark 3:22-30; Luke 11:14-20). This marked a decisive turning point in Christ’s ministry. Jesus warned of judgment for this national rejection (Matt. 12:31-32) and began speaking in parables to conceal truth from hardened hearts while revealing it to responsive disciples (Matt. 13:10-17). Later, in the parable of the vineyard, Jesus declared, “the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people, producing the fruit of it” (Matt. 21:43). He lamented over Jerusalem and announced that the nation would not see Him again until it welcomed Him as Messiah (Matt. 23:37-39). John wrote, “He came to His own, and those who were His own did not receive Him” (John 1:11). The nation ultimately cried, “We have no king but Caesar” (John 19:15).

The Kingdom Postponed

Because the King was rejected, the establishment of the kingdom was postponed. Fruchtenbaum states, “When Jesus was rejected, the offer of the Messianic Kingdom was rescinded.”^[3] This rejection did not cancel the covenant promises but delayed their fulfillment until Christ’s return. Jesus illustrated this postponement in the parable of the nobleman who went to a distant country to receive a kingdom and then return (Luke 19:11-27). Even after the resurrection, the disciples still expected a future earthly kingdom for Israel, asking, “Lord, is it at this time You are restoring the kingdom to Israel?” (Acts 1:6). Christ did not deny the kingdom’s future restoration but only the timing (Acts 1:7). Peter later preached that Christ remains in heaven until the “period of restoration of all things” spoken of by the prophets (Acts 3:19-21). Hebrews also states that the world has not yet been subjected to Christ in visible rule (Heb. 2:5-8). Presently, Christ sits at the Father’s right hand awaiting the time when His enemies will be made His footstool (Ps. 110:1; Acts 2:34-35).

The Millennial Kingdom

The kingdom will finally be established at the Second Coming of Christ described in Revelation 19 and 20. Jesus will return from heaven in power and glory, destroy His enemies, and judge the rebellious nations (Rev. 19:11-21). Satan will then be bound and imprisoned for one thousand years so that he cannot deceive the nations (Rev. 20:1-3). Christ will reign on earth for a thousand years with resurrected saints who share in His rule (Rev. 20:4-6). This period of a thousand years is called the Messianic Kingdom because it will be ruled by Messiah. According to Fructenbaum, “The name Millennial Kingdom emphasizes how long this kingdom will last: one thousand years. The form of the Messianic or Millennial Kingdom is that of an earthly literal kingdom which Jesus will rule from the Throne of David.”^[4] After the millennium, Satan will be released briefly, lead a final rebellion, and then be cast forever into the lake of fire (Rev. 20:7-10). This is followed by the Great White Throne Judgment and the eternal state (Rev. 20:11-15; 21:1-4).

The prophets describe the millennial kingdom as a time of worldwide righteousness, peace, prosperity, and divine rule. Christ will reign personally from Jerusalem, and the nations will stream to Zion to learn the ways of the Lord (Isa. 2:1-4; Mic. 4:1-8; Zech. 14:9, 16-21). His government will be marked by perfect justice and righteousness (Isa. 11:3-5; Jer. 23:5; Ps. 72:1-4). War will cease as weapons are transformed into tools for agriculture (Isa. 2:4; Mic. 4:3). Even the animal kingdom will experience harmony as the curse is partially lifted from creation (Isa. 11:6-9; 35:1-7). Human life spans will increase, and the earth will produce abundantly (Isa. 65:20-25; Amos 9:13-14; Joel 3:18). Israel will be spiritually restored and regathered to the land under the blessings of the new covenant (Ezek. 36:24-28; 37:21-28; Rom. 11:25-27). A millennial temple will stand in Jerusalem as described in Ezekiel 40-48, and the nations will worship the King there (Zech. 14:16-21). Above all, the kingdom will be characterized by universal knowledge of God, “for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the waters cover the sea” (Isa. 11:9; Hab. 2:14).

The Kingdom a Reward for the Faithful

Though all believers will enter the future earthly kingdom by grace, participation in its privileges and rulership is a reward for faithfulness in this life. Scripture consistently draws this distinction. Those who suffer with Christ will also reign with Him (2 Tim. 2:12), and those who overcome in the Christian life will be granted authority to rule the nations (Rev. 2:26-27). Faithful service, spiritual maturity, and endurance under trial form the pathway to inheriting the kingdom, not in terms of salvation, which is a free gift (Rom. 6:23), but in terms of honor, responsibility, and reward (Luke 19:17; 1 Cor. 3:13-15; Rom. 8:17b). Jesus will reward His servants at the Judgment Seat of Christ, and those who have proven faithful in smaller responsibilities will be entrusted with greater authority in His coming reign (2 Cor. 5:10; Luke 19:11-19). As Paul exhorted, “Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather than for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the reward of the inheritance. It is the Lord Christ whom you serve” (Col. 3:23-24). This eternal perspective motivates us to live with intention and integrity, not merely content to enter the kingdom, but longing to reign with Christ in it. According to Fruchtenbaum, “All believers will enter the Messianic Kingdom but only those who live an obedient spiritual lifestyle will inherit the Kingdom (Gal. 5:21). This means that only such believers will be rewarded, honored, and given crowns of authority to co-rule in the Messianic Kingdom with Messiah, the King.”^[5]

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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[1] In Mark 1:15, “the gospel of the kingdom” referred to the announcement that Israel’s promised Messianic King had arrived and the kingdom was being offered to the nation through repentance and faith, whereas the later gospel of grace centered on Christ’s death, burial, and resurrection (1 Cor. 15:3-4), truths the disciples did not yet understand and initially resisted when Jesus first revealed them (Matt. 16:21-22; Mark 9:31-32; Luke 18:31-34).

^[2] J. Dwight Pentecost, Thy Kingdom Come: Tracing God’s Kingdom Program and Covenant Promises throughout History (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1995), 251.

^[3] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology, Rev. ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1994), 624.

^[4] Ibid., 611.

^[5] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Jewish Epistles: Hebrews, James, First Peter, Second Peter, Jude, 1st ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 2005), 244.

The Temple in Heaven

Posted on May 4, 2026 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Scripture presents the temple in heaven as a real, structured place where God’s presence is manifest, where Christ ministers, and where divine authority proceeds. It is the heavenly original of which the earthly tabernacle and temple were copies. The writer of Hebrews states that the earthly sanctuary was “a copy and shadow of the heavenly things” (Heb. 8:5), and that Christ “entered…into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us” (Heb. 9:24). This establishes that there is an actual heavenly sanctuary, and that Jesus Christ presently ministers there as our High Priest (Heb. 4:14–16).

In simple terms, the temple in heaven is God’s throne-centered dwelling place, purposeful and active. There are several passages in Revelation that reveal there is a temple in heaven (Rev. 3:12; 7:15; 11:19; 15:5), for John records that “the temple of God which is in heaven was opened” (Rev. 11:19). The word temple translates the Greek ναός (naos), referring to the very dwelling place of God Himself, the place of His immediate presence and authority.

The temple in heaven contains the throne of God. John writes, “Behold, a throne was standing in heaven, and One sitting on the throne” (Rev. 4:2). Everything in the heavenly temple centers on that throne. It is the place of absolute authority, righteousness, and judgment. Thomas states, “The heavenly throne was probably a part of the heavenly temple as seen by the presence of the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant therein also.”^[1]

It includes worship and service. Around the throne are angelic beings and redeemed saints who continually honor God, for “Day and night they do not cease to say, ‘Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God, the Almighty’” (Rev. 4:8). The temple is active with praise, not silence. Swindoll notes, “The temple in heaven indicates unbroken fellowship with God—its doors remain open to all. Within this temple John saw the ark of the covenant, a symbol of God’s holiness as the basis for His just wrath.”^[2]

The temple in heaven contains heavenly counterparts to earthly items. John saw “the temple of God which is in heaven…opened; and the ark of His covenant appeared in His temple” (Rev. 11:19). This shows that what Israel had on earth pointed to something real in heaven. The ark in heaven represents God’s faithfulness and covenant integrity. According to Patterson, “This appearance of the ark in heaven is particularly important because the ark was the symbol of the promises of God, and particularly the mercy seat was the focus of the ritual of the Day of Atonement, which foreshadowed the ultimate atonement of Christ.”^[3]

Heaven’s temple is a place where prayers are received and presented. Revelation describes “golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints” (Rev. 5:8), and an angel offering incense “with the prayers of all the saints on the golden altar which was before the throne” (Rev. 8:3). This means your prayers are not lost. They are received in a structured, purposeful way before God. Indeed, they ascend before Him as a fragrant offering, for “the smoke of the incense, with the prayers of the saints, went up before God out of the angel’s hand” (Rev. 8:4).

The heavenly temple is a place from which judgment proceeds. When God acts in judgment during the future Tribulation, it often comes out of the heavenly temple. “The temple of God in heaven was opened… and there were flashes of lightning and sounds and peals of thunder” (Rev. 11:19). Later, angels come out of the temple to execute judgment (Rev. 15:5–6). This shows the temple functions as the divine control center from which God’s righteous judgments are issued, for “the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power” (Rev. 15:8).

It is the place where Christ currently serves on our behalf. He is not in an earthly building but in the true sanctuary. “We have such a high priest, who has taken His seat at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens” (Heb. 8:1). His work there secures our access to God and our eternal standing. He continually represents us before the Father, for “He always lives to make intercession for them” (Heb. 7:25).

In summary, the temple in heaven is the real, eternal center of God’s presence and rule. The earthly temple was a teaching tool. The heavenly one is the reality. It is structured, active, filled with worship, responsive to prayer, and the place where Christ ministers and from which God governs the universe.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] Robert L. Thomas, Revelation 1-7: An Exegetical Commentary (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1992), 339.

^[2] Charles R. Swindoll, Insights on Revelation, Swindoll’s New Testament Insights (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2011), 166.

^[3] Paige Patterson, Revelation, ed. E. Ray Clendenen, vol. 39, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B&H, 2012), 257.

A Death That Glorifies God

Posted on April 20, 2026 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Every believer lives under the certainty of two eschatological realities. The Lord may return for His church in the Rapture (1 Th. 4:16–17), in which case we will not taste death but will “all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye” (1 Cor. 15:51–52). But if we are not part of the Rapture generation, then each of us will face physical death, because “it is appointed for men to die once” (Heb. 9:27). For the believer, however, death is not defeat but the final opportunity to glorify God. A life lived in obedience to the Lord can culminate in a death that honors Him, just as Paul wrote, “Christ will even now, as always, be exalted in my body, whether by life or by death” (Phil. 1:20).

This principle appears clearly in the Lord’s post-resurrection conversation with Peter, where Jesus revealed that even the manner of Peter’s death would become an act that glorifies God. John 21:18–19 records the Lord’s final words to Peter after restoring him from his threefold denial (John 21:15–17). Jesus said, “Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were younger, you used to gird yourself and walk wherever you wished; but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands and someone else will gird you, and bring you where you do not wish to go” (John 21:18). John then adds the inspired explanation, “Now this He said, signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. And when He had spoken this, He said to him, ‘Follow Me!’” (John 21:19).

The contrast in John 21:18 is between Peter’s past independence and his future martyrdom. When Peter was young, he “girded” himself and went where he desired. The language reflects the ancient practice of tightening a garment to move freely. In the future, however, Peter would lose that freedom. Jesus says he will “stretch out your hands,” an expression widely understood in the early church as a reference to crucifixion. Others will “gird” him and lead him where he does not wish to go. The statement predicts that Peter would die as a martyr, which early Christian testimony affirms occurred in Rome. Thus, the Lord reveals Peter’s end from the divine vantage point. The One who knows “the end from the beginning” (Isa. 46:10) discloses the path of Peter’s life and death.

John 21:19 explains the theological significance of that death. John writes that Jesus spoke “signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God.” Even martyrdom can become an act of worship. When a believer remains faithful under suffering, the result magnifies God’s worth and truth. Peter would eventually demonstrate this principle in his own teaching: “If anyone suffers as a Christian, he is not to be ashamed, but is to glorify God in this name” (1 Pet. 4:16). The death of the believer does not defeat God’s purpose. Rather, the believer’s endurance under trial becomes a testimony to the reality and value of Christ. In this respect Peter’s future mirrored the pattern first established by Jesus Himself. The Lord said concerning His own death, “Now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified in Him” (John 13:31), and again prayed, “I glorified You on the earth, having accomplished the work which You have given Me to do” (John 17:4). Just as Christ followed the Father’s will even to the cross, so Peter would follow Christ’s will even to martyrdom, and both acts of obedience would result in the glory of God. Carson notes, “What is remarkable is that Peter lived and served three decades with this prediction hanging over him.”^[1] Later church tradition claims Peter was crucified upside down because he felt unworthy to die as his Lord did, but this cannot be verified and remains uncertain.[2]

After revealing Peter’s future death, Jesus immediately returns him to the present with a simple command: “Follow Me.” The Lord discloses the destination but emphasizes the next step. The Christian life is lived one step of obedience at a time. God may know the entire course of a believer’s life, but the believer’s responsibility is to follow Christ today. The command echoes Jesus’ earlier call to discipleship: “If anyone wishes to come after Me, he must deny himself, and take up his cross and follow Me” (Matt. 16:24). Following Christ means orienting one’s will, priorities, and conduct under His authority. According to Blum, “Obedience to Jesus’ command, Follow Me, is the key issue in every Christian’s life. As Jesus followed the Father’s will, so His disciples should follow their Lord whether the path leads to a cross or to some other difficult experience.”^[3]

The practical lesson is direct. The future belongs to God, but obedience belongs to us. Christians often want full knowledge of what lies ahead. Scripture rarely provides that. Instead, the Lord gives direction for the present moment. The believer advances by trusting God’s sovereignty while concentrating on present faithfulness. As Proverbs states, “Trust in the LORD with all your heart and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight” (Prov. 3:5–6).

To follow Jesus, therefore, means to live under His authority, guided by His Word, and empowered by His Spirit. It means learning His thinking through Scripture (Col. 3:16), walking by faith rather than sight (2 Cor. 5:7), and presenting oneself as an instrument of righteousness (Rom. 6:13). The believer does not need to control the entire future. He simply keeps moving behind the Shepherd who leads him. Jesus said, “My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me” (John 10:27). Faithful discipleship is not primarily about knowing the entire path ahead. It is about staying close to the One who already knows it.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] D. A. Carson, The Gospel according to John, The Pillar New Testament Commentary (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; W.B. Eerdmans, 1991), 680.

[2] The earliest reference to this idea appears in the apocryphal Acts of Peter from the late second century, and the report is later repeated by writers such as Origen and Eusebius of Caesarea. However, the tradition rests on sources removed from the events themselves and lacks contemporary historical verification. As D. A. Carson observes, “Later accounts of Peter asking to be crucified upside down, because he felt unworthy to be crucified as his Lord was, are too remote and too infected with legendary accretions to be reliable.” D. A. Carson, The Gospel according to John, Pillar New Testament Commentary (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; W. B. Eerdmans, 1991), 680.

^[3] Edwin A. Blum, “John,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 345.

The New Heavens and New Earth

Posted on February 23, 2026 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The eternal state is the final, permanent condition of creation after the present heavens and earth are dissolved and replaced by a new order directly created by God. Scripture places it after the Millennium, the final rebellion, and the Great White Throne judgment. John writes, “Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth; for the first heaven and the first earth passed away” (Rev. 21:1). Bailey states, “The new heavens and earth will come into existence after the Millennium and the Great White Throne judgment.”^[1] Peter explains that the present cosmos will be destroyed by intense heat, making way for what God has promised: “new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness dwells” (2 Pet. 3:10–13). This “is a totally new heaven and a new earth, and not the present heaven and earth renovated.”^[2] The curse is removed, sin is absent, and history as we know it is complete. Pentecost states, “By a definite act of creation God calls into being a new heaven and a new earth. As God created the present heavens and earth to be the scene of His theocratic display, so God will create the new heavens and earth to be the scene of the eternal theocratic kingdom of God.”^[3]

In the eternal state, God dwells openly and permanently with redeemed humanity. John states, “Behold, the tabernacle of God is among men, and He will dwell among them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself will be among them” (Rev. 21:3). Kreider states, “In the eternal state, the righteous will live on the new earth and the wicked will be sent to the lake of fire (Rev. 20:14–21:5).”^[4] Fellowship with God is immediate and unhindered. There is no temple because God Himself is the dwelling place. John wrote, “I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb are its temple” (Rev. 21:22). Mediation gives way to direct presence. Faith gives way to sight. Pentecost adds:

“It has already been demonstrated from passages such as Revelation 21:3 that the Lord Jesus Christ will be dwelling with men on the new earth in the eternal kingdom. Since Scripture reveals that the church will be with Christ, it is concluded that the eternal abode of the church will likewise be in the new earth, in that heavenly city, New Jerusalem, that has been especially prepared by God for the saints. Such a relationship would be the answer to the Lord’s prayer for those God had given Him: “Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me” (John 17:24).”^[5]

Isaiah anticipates the eternal state when he records the Lord’s promise of a new creation. God declares, “For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former things will not be remembered or come to mind” (Isa. 65:17; cf. Ps. 102:25-26; Isa. 66:22). Chafer notes, “Isaiah declares regarding the new heaven and the new earth that they will be of such exalted character that the former creation will not be brought to mind.”^[6] Joy and blessing characterize this new creation, as God says, “Be glad and rejoice forever in what I create” (Isa. 65:18). Isaiah’s prophecy provides the Old Testament foundation that John later expands in Revelation 21–22. According to Thomas:

“The reason assigned for the appearance of the new heaven and earth is the disappearance of the first heaven and earth. The entrance of sin and death spoiled the earlier creation and made it a place of rebellion and alienation, an enemy-occupied territory. Its replacement with a whole new order of life without death, mourning, crying, and pain is a necessity.”^[7]

The central feature of the eternal state is the holy city, the New Jerusalem, which descends from heaven. It is described as radiant, massive, orderly, and perfectly secure, reflecting God’s glory and precision. Its foundations bear the names of the apostles, and its gates bear the names of the tribes of Israel, showing continuity with God’s redemptive work across history (Rev. 21:12–14). The city’s gates are never closed, and nothing unclean enters it (Rev. 21:25–27). God’s glory provides the light, and the Lamb is its lamp. There is no night, no fear, and no threat.

All effects of the fall are permanently removed. John revealed, “He will wipe away every tear from their eyes; and there will no longer be any death; there will no longer be any mourning, or crying, or pain” (Rev. 21:4). Paul anticipated this reality when he wrote, “The last enemy that will be abolished is death” (1 Cor. 15:26). Death is abolished. Sorrow is finished. Pain is gone because the sin nature and its consequences no longer exist. The former things associated with a fallen world have passed away.

Life in the eternal state is marked by righteousness, service, and joy. Revelation 22 describes the river of the water of life flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb, and the tree of life bearing fruit every month, with leaves that communicate blessing rather than healing, since there is no sickness to cure (Rev. 22:1–2). In this new state, “There will no longer be any curse” (Rev. 22:3). God’s bond servants serve Him willingly and intelligently, and “They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads” (Rev. 22:4). Authority and responsibility continue, as believers “will reign forever and ever” (Rev. 22:5), but without frustration or failure.

The eternal state is everlasting and unchanging. There is no further testing, rebellion, or transition. Evil has been judged and removed, and only righteousness remains. God declares, “Behold, I am making all things new” and adds, “These words are faithful and true” (Rev. 21:5). The plan of God reaches its final expression. Creation continues in perfect and permanent righteousness. The redeemed enjoy unbroken life, purposeful service, and full fellowship with God forever, and the glory of God fills all things without interruption or end.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] Mark Bailey et al., Nelson’s New Testament Survey: Discover the Background, Theology and Meaning of Every Book in the New Testament (Nashville: Word, 1999), 654–655.

^[2] John F. Walvoord, “Revelation,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 983.

^[3] J. Dwight Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1958), 561.

^[4] Glenn R. Kreider, “Eschatology,” in The Harvest Handbook of Bible Prophecy, ed. Ed Hindson, Mark Hitchcock, and Tim LaHaye (Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers, 2020), 110.

^[5] J. Dwight Pentecost, Things to Come, 562.

^[6] Lewis Sperry Chafer, Systematic Theology, vol. 5 (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1993), 365.

^[7] Robert L. Thomas, Revelation 8-22: An Exegetical Commentary (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1995), 439.

The Antichrist System Now

Posted on February 16, 2026 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The Antichrist will appear after the Rapture of the Church. At present, Satan operates an antichrist system that has functioned since the fall of man and permeates the world. John writes, “every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God; this is the spirit of the antichrist, of which you have heard that it is coming, and now it is already in the world” (1 John 4:3). According to Ronald Sauer, “the spirit of the antichrist is in the world now, to be followed by the physical presence of the antichrist later.”^[1] This system is active, hostile to God, and oriented toward rebellion, preparing the world for Satan’s future ruler. Paul states, “For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work; only he who now restrains will do so until he is taken out of the way” (2 Th. 2:7). Lawlessness is present now in principle, not yet in person. The system exists; the man does not. Its full manifestation awaits the removal of restraint and the unveiling of the Antichrist. Ed Hindson states:

“The spirit of Antichrist is alive and well—it is the Satan-inspired expression of lawlessness and rebellion against God, the things of God, and the people of God. It has been alive since Satan slithered his way around the Garden of Eden. It has been the driving force behind the whole terrible history of the human race—wars, murders, thefts, rapes, and the like. It is the ugly expression of the destructive nature of the great deceiver himself.”^[2]

After the Rapture of the Church, when revealed, the Antichrist will rule a unified global government. Daniel foresaw a final kingdom that “will devour the whole earth and tread it down and crush it” (Dan. 7:23). John describes a beast to whom authority is given “over every tribe and people and tongue and nation” (Rev. 13:7). This is worldwide political dominance. National sovereignty collapses under centralized authority. Law and power are concentrated in one man energized by Satan himself. John states, “The dragon gave him his power and his throne and great authority” (Rev. 13:2).

This political dominance is reinforced by global economic control. No buying. No selling. No exceptions. “He causes all, the small and the great, and the rich and the poor, and the free men and the slaves, to be given a mark… and he provides that no one will be able to buy or to sell, except the one who has the mark” (Rev. 13:16–17). Economic participation becomes a tool of worship and allegiance. Commerce is weaponized. Survival is tied to submission to the Antichrist. Scripture is explicit that economic pressure enforces loyalty to the system.

The system is also religious. The Antichrist does not begin as an openly atheistic tyrant but as a deceiver. Paul calls him “the man of lawlessness” who “takes his seat in the temple of God, displaying himself as being God” (2 Th. 2:3–4). Revelation describes a false prophet who enforces worship of the beast and performs signs to deceive the world (Rev. 13:11–15). This is religious devotion. Satan’s long ambition to be worshiped finally finds its human instrument (Isa. 14:12–14; Matt. 4:8–9).

Behind this future system stands Satan’s longstanding counterfeit kingdom. Scripture states that “the whole world lies in the power of the evil one” (1 John 5:19). Satan is called “the god of this world” who blinds unbelievers (2 Cor. 4:4). He has always sought centralized control, uniform thinking, and coerced unity apart from God. Babel was the prototype: “Come, let us build for ourselves a city… and let us make for ourselves a name” (Gen. 11:4). God descended upon their rebellion and wrecked that early system. In the future, He permits a final version to run its course under judgment.

The timing of these events is important. The Antichrist cannot be revealed until the restraining force is removed. Paul states, “You know what restrains him now… only he who now restrains will do so until he is taken out of the way. Then that lawless one will be revealed” (2 Th. 2:6–8). The Church, indwelt by the Spirit, functions as that restraint. Once removed, restraint ends. Lawlessness accelerates. Deception spreads like wildfire. Authority rapidly becomes centralized. The world does not suddenly become evil. It simply loses restraint.

Scripture also predicts a growing global appetite for deception and control. Scripture states, “Evil men and impostors will proceed from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived” (2 Tim. 3:13). “They did not receive the love of the truth so as to be saved. For this reason, God will send upon them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false” (2 Th. 2:10–11). Humanity does not stumble into this system unwillingly. They willingly welcome it. They exchange truth for security, freedom for safety, and worship for convenience.

What we see today is preparation for the full expression of Satan’s coming kingdom. Global institutions that bypass national accountability. Cultural hostility to biblical truth. Technology that enables surveillance. Economic systems capable of total centralization. Moral relativism. Rejection of absolute authority except when it promises protection. Scripture identifies this as “the mystery of lawlessness” already at work (2 Th. 2:7). Satan’s structure exists. The final ruler does not.

It follows logically that those who promote globalism and a centralized world economy are, whether knowingly or unknowingly, aligned with Satan’s antichrist system in its present, preparatory form. Scripture presents Satan’s system as one that seeks centralized authority, economic control, uniform allegiance, and unity apart from God. When individuals or institutions advocate structures that dissolve national sovereignty, concentrate power, and subordinate truth to collective security, they advance the same patterns Scripture identifies with the mystery of lawlessness already at work (2 Th. 2:7). This alignment is ideological and functional and it contributes to the stage setting for the future reign of the Antichrist.

For the believer, this truth produces confidence rather than fear. Christ promised deliverance before divine wrath, for “God has not destined us for wrath, but for obtaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Th. 5:9; cf. Rev. 3:10). The next event on the prophetic calendar is not the Antichrist, but the gathering of the Church to Christ. “For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord” (1 Th. 4:16–17). The Rapture occurs first. This is followed by the seven-year Tribulation, the final week decreed for Israel and the nations (Dan. 9:27; Matt. 24; Rev. 6–18). After that comes the Second Coming of Christ in power and glory to judge and to reign (Matt. 24:29–30; Rev. 19:11–21). The sequence culminates in Christ’s kingdom on earth, where He rules for a thousand years in fulfillment of God’s promises (Rev. 20:1–6).

In summary, Scripture clearly teaches a coming satanic global system under the Antichrist. It also teaches a present preparatory phase already at work. What we observe today aligns precisely with biblical stage setting. The Church waits, watches, and works, confident that God’s plan is on schedule and that Christ will remove His people before judgment falls. “Even so, come, Lord Jesus” (Rev. 22:20).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] Ronald Sauer, “1 John,” in The Moody Bible Commentary, ed. Michael A. Rydelnik and Michael Vanlaningham (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2014), 1981.

^[2] Ed Hindson, “Antichrist,” in The Harvest Handbook of Bible Prophecy, ed. Ed Hindson, Mark Hitchcock, and Tim LaHaye (Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers, 2020), 34.

A Biblical Attitude Toward Israel

Posted on February 4, 2026 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Israel’s story begins with God taking the first step. He brought the nation into existence and shaped it according to His plan. Scripture states, “Thus says the Lord who created you, O Jacob, and He who formed you, O Israel” (Isa. 43:1), and again, “I am the LORD… the Creator of Israel” (Isa. 43:15). Having brought Israel into being, God then bound Himself to her, declaring, “the Lord your God has chosen you to be a people for His own possession” (Deut. 7:6). This divine commitment arose from God’s promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, establishing Israel as a nation uniquely related to Him (Gen. 12:1–3; 17:7–8). The permanence of Israel’s national existence is guaranteed by God Himself, who tied her continuance to the fixed order of creation, saying, “If this fixed order departs from before Me… then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before Me forever” (Jer. 31:35–36). She was precious to the Lord, called “the apple of His eye” (Zech. 2:8), and He said to her, “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore, I have drawn you with lovingkindness” (Jer. 31:3). God also placed Israel at the center of His historical dealings, saying of Jerusalem, “I have set her at the center of the nations” (Ezek. 5:5). Yet Scripture is equally honest about Israel’s repeated failures through unbelief and disobedience (Ps. 106:6; Neh. 9:26). Because of her unique relationship to God, Israel also experienced unique discipline, for the Lord declared, “You only have I chosen among all the families of the earth; therefore, I will punish you for all your iniquities” (Amos 3:2). Even when God disciplines Israel, His plans for her are never canceled (Jer. 31:35–37).

Israel’s Present

In the present age, Israel exists in a state of tension. Though widely opposed and often unbelieving, she remains “beloved for the sake of the fathers” because of the irrevocable promises God made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Rom. 11:28). God’s faithfulness to Israel does not rest on Israel’s consistency but on His own unchanging covenants, which He pledged to uphold forever (Gen. 12:1–3; 2 Sam. 7:12–16; Jer. 31:35–37). Scripture explains that this present condition includes a divinely imposed hardening that is partial and temporary, for “a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in” (Rom. 11:25). This hardening serves God’s broader redemptive purpose by opening the door of blessing to the nations, while simultaneously preserving Israel for a future restoration. During this period, Israel’s unbelief does not nullify God’s promises but confirms that salvation history is unfolding according to His timetable rather than human expectation. Israel is being kept by God until His redemptive purposes are completed, demonstrating that divine faithfulness transcends human failure.

Israel’s Future

Israel’s future is secure because it depends completely on God’s promises, not on how well Israel has done in the past or how well it is doing now. Jesus will return to the earth as the rightful King of Israel, for “when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne” (Matt. 25:31), and “His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, which is in front of Jerusalem on the east” (Zech. 14:4), reigning in fulfillment of God’s promises (Rev. 19:16).

When Jesus returns, Israel will finally realize that He is the very One they once rejected. They will look to Him, feel deep sorrow for what they did, and put their trust in Him as their Messiah. God foretold this when He said, “They will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him like the bitter weeping over a firstborn” (Zech. 12:10). That grief will lead them to faith, and Paul confirms the outcome when he says, “and so all Israel will be saved” (Rom. 11:26). At that time, Jerusalem will finally welcome her true King, just as Jesus said, “You will not see Me until you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord’” (Matt. 23:39; cf. Ps. 118:26).

After His return, the Messiah will rule the world from Jerusalem. Scripture declares that “the Lord will be king over all the earth” (Zech. 14:9). He will reign as the promised Son of David, the One of whom God said, “He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High” (Luke 1:32). God will place Him on David’s throne, fully carrying out His covenant promises, for “the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David… and His kingdom will have no end” (Luke 1:32–33). His rule will bring lasting righteousness and peace to the entire world, because “there will be no end to the increase of His government or of peace” (Isa. 9:6–7), and “in His days the righteous will flourish, and abundance of peace” (Ps. 72:7). All opposition will be brought under control, since the Messiah will “break them with a rod of iron” (Ps. 2:9). His kingdom will never end, because “His dominion is an everlasting dominion which will not pass away” (Dan. 7:14). Israel’s future, then, clearly shows that God is faithful to His word and always brings His promises to their complete fulfillment.

The Christian Attitude Toward Israel

Because God has an unbroken past, present, and future plan for Israel, the Christian’s attitude toward Israel today should be marked by humility, respect, prayer, and confidence in God’s faithfulness. Scripture warns believers not to become arrogant toward Israel, since Gentile blessing rests on God’s promises to the patriarchs and not on Gentile merit (Rom. 11:18–20). Even in her present unbelief, Israel remains “beloved for the sake of the fathers,” because “the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable” (Rom. 11:28–29). Christians are therefore to reject hostility or replacement thinking and instead recognize Israel’s continuing place in God’s plan (Rom. 11:1–2).

This attitude expresses itself in action. Believers are to pray for Israel, especially for her salvation, sharing Paul’s desire when he said, “my heart’s desire and my prayer to God for them is for their salvation” (Rom. 10:1), and to pray for Jerusalem, as Scripture commands, “Pray for the peace of Jerusalem” (Ps. 122:6). Christians should also lovingly share the gospel with Jewish people, knowing that faith comes through hearing the word of Christ (Rom. 10:14–17), while trusting God’s timetable, since the present hardening is partial and temporary (Rom. 11:25). When possible, believers should also support Israel in gratitude, recognizing that Gentiles have shared in Israel’s spiritual blessings (Rom. 15:27). In all of this, the Christian looks forward with confidence to the day when God’s promises are fulfilled, when Israel turns to her Messiah and “all Israel will be saved” (Rom. 11:26), and the Lord reigns as King over all the earth (Zech. 14:9).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

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The Bema Seat of Christ

Posted on February 2, 2026 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The Bema Seat is the future event when every Church-age believer stands before Christ for an evaluation of his life and service. The term bēma (βῆμα) denotes a raised platform or tribunal where officials rendered decisions or awarded prizes (Acts 18:12; 2 Cor 5:10). Paul employed this imagery to describe the believer’s personal review before Christ. The Bema Seat evaluation will occur in heaven after the Church is raptured and before the Second Coming. Only Church-age believers will appear there, for this judgment concerns the Body of Christ, not Israel or unbelievers (Rom 14:10–12; 2 Cor 5:10). Each believer will stand individually before the Lord, who alone discerns the motives, thoughts, and deeds of His people. Pentecost observes, “The judgment is not to determine what is ethically good or evil, but rather that which is acceptable and that which is worthless. It is not the Lord’s purpose here to chasten His child for his sins, but to reward his service for those things done in the name of the Lord” (J. Dwight Pentecost, Things to Come [Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1958], 223).

The evaluation at the Bema Seat is not for sin but for works. All sins—past, present, and future—were fully judged in Christ at the cross (John 19:30; Rom 8:1; 2 Cor 5:21; 1 Pet 3:18). Salvation is a free gift received by faith alone in Christ alone (Rom 6:23; Eph 2:8–9), but rewards are granted for faithful obedience and Spirit-empowered service after salvation (Eph 2:10; Gal 6:10). Paul explains that “each one’s work will become evident; for the day will show it because it is to be revealed with fire, and the fire itself will test the quality of each man’s work” (1 Cor 3:13). The test is qualitative, not quantitative. Works done in fellowship with the Spirit and according to divine truth will endure and be rewarded (1 Cor 3:14; Col 3:23–24), whereas those done in the flesh, motivated by pride or human approbation, will be consumed (1 Cor 3:15).

Scripture portrays several symbols of reward, such as crowns that signify honor, authority, and recognition before the Lord. These include the imperishable crown for disciplined living (1 Cor 9:25), the crown of rejoicing for faithful evangelism (1 Th 2:19), the crown of righteousness for loving Christ’s appearing (2 Tim 4:8), the crown of life for enduring trials under divine viewpoint (Jam 1:12; Rev 2:10), and the crown of glory for faithful shepherding (1 Pet 5:4). Beyond these, believers will receive varying degrees of glory and responsibility in the coming kingdom (Luke 19:17; Rev 22:12). These rewards are manifestations of grace, not human merit, for even the ability to serve is supplied by God (Phil 2:13).

Unfaithfulness or carnality will result in loss of reward, not loss of salvation. Paul clarifies, “If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself will be saved, yet so as through fire” (1 Cor 3:15). The believer’s eternal security remains unshaken (John 10:28–29), yet some will forfeit opportunities for honor and service in Christ’s future kingdom. Scripture does not support the idea of eternal regret. After the evaluation, all believers will experience perfect joy and fellowship, for “He will wipe away every tear from their eyes” (Rev 21:4).

The doctrine of the Bema Seat motivates believers to live purposefully, gratefully, and with an eternal perspective. It teaches that every act done in fellowship with the Lord has eternal value (Col 3:17). The believer’s stewardship of time, truth, and talent matters, for “whatever good thing each one does, this he will receive back from the Lord” (Eph 6:8). Awareness of future evaluation encourages humility, dependence on divine power, and diligence in serving others (1 Cor 15:58). The Bema Seat is therefore not a place of fear but of joy and gratitude. It reveals how God’s grace was used in time and magnifies the faithfulness of the One who saves, sustains, and rewards His people. For the faithful believer, it will be a moment of commendation and honor, where the Lord says, “Well done, good and faithful servant…enter into the joy of your master” (Matt 25:21).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

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The Coming Seven Year Tribulation

Posted on December 1, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The seven-year Tribulation refers to the future time of unprecedented distress that will fall upon the earth after the church is removed to heaven at the Rapture (1 Th 4:13–18; 1 Cor 15:51-52). This period is anchored in Daniel’s prophecy of the “seventy weeks” (Dan 9:24–27), where the final “week” (a heptad of years) is reserved for God’s dealings with Israel and the nations (Rev 6–19) before the establishment of Messiah’s earthly kingdom (2 Sam 7:12–16; Isa 2:2–4; Isa 9:6–7; Jer 23:5–6; 30:7; Ezek 37:24–28; Zech 14:3–9; Matt 19:28; 24:21-22; Luke 1:32–33; Acts 1:6–7; Rev 20:1–6). The event that begins this period is the confirmation of a covenant between “the prince who is to come” (the Antichrist) and unbelieving Israel (Dan 9:27). This covenant will likely promise Israel’s security and religious freedom, including the reinstitution of temple worship (2 Th 2:3–4; Rev 11:1–2), but it’s a façade for deception, as the Antichrist’s true character will be revealed in the middle of the Tribulation (Matt 24:15; Dan 9:27; Rev 13:4–7). Importantly, the Rapture of the church does not initiate the Tribulation but rather marks the conclusion of the church age, which began at Pentecost in Acts 2. The Tribulation formally begins with the signing of this covenant between the Antichrist and Israel. Fruchtenbaum clarifies, “The Rapture precedes the Tribulation, but it does not begin the Tribulation, a fact confused by many Pretribulationists. It is not the Rapture, but the seven-year covenant which begins the Tribulation. The Rapture will merely come some time before this, and may very well precede the Tribulation by a good number of years” (Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Footsteps of the Messiah, p. 155).

The term Tribulation designates the entire seven-year period revealed in Daniel’s prophecy of the seventy weeks (Dan 9:27), a future era of unparalleled upheaval and divine judgment. The first half of this period is marked by the Antichrist’s deceptive rise, political consolidation, and restrained but mounting judgments. Jesus described this stage as “the beginning of birth pangs” (Matt 24:8), emphasizing that while distress is genuine, it steadily intensifies in both frequency and severity. During this time, the seal and trumpet judgments unfold (Rev 6–9), bringing economic collapse, ecological devastation, warfare, famine, and widespread death. Yet these judgments, though severe, remain restrained compared to what is to come.

The second half of the seven years is specifically called the Great Tribulation (Matt 24:21), when the full measure of God’s wrath is unleashed upon a rebellious world. Scripture identifies this climactic period as lasting “a time, times, and half a time” (Dan 7:25; 12:7; Rev 12:14), “forty-two months” (Rev 11:2; 13:5), or “1,260 days” (Rev 11:3; 12:6), underscoring its exact duration of three-and-a-half years. It begins at the midpoint when the Antichrist breaks his covenant with Israel, sets up the abomination of desolation in the temple (Dan 9:27; Matt 24:15; 2 Th 2:4), and demands global worship. During these final forty-two months (Rev 11:2; 13:5), the bowl judgments are poured out (Rev 16), unleashing the most catastrophic expressions of divine wrath. At the same time, the persecution of Israel intensifies as the Antichrist seeks to eradicate God’s covenant people (Rev 12:13–17), and worldwide rebellion against the Lord reaches its peak. According to Thomas Ice, “the Bible distinguishes between the tribulation period (seven years) and what is known as the great tribulation (the final three and a half years). In Matthew 24:9 the term ‘tribulation’ most likely refers to the full seven-year period of the tribulation. On the other hand, Matthew 24:21 speaks of the ‘great tribulation,’ which begins with the abomination of desolation that takes place after the midpoint of the seven-year period (Matt 24:15).” (Timothy J. Demy & Thomas Ice, Answers to Common Questions about the End Times, p. 65).

The coming seven-year Tribulation must be understood as an eschatological necessity: God’s appointed means to bring an end to human rebellion (Jer 25:31-33; Rev 6:15-17), to purify Israel for her Messiah (Ezek 20:37-38; Zech 13:8-9; Rom 11:26), and to prepare the nations for the visible return and reign of Christ (Matt 24:29-30; Rev 19:11-16). Thus, the Tribulation is both a period of judgment and of hope, for it paves the way for the long-awaited kingdom of God on earth (Dan 2:44; Zech 14:9; Rev 20:1-6) and the millennial blessings that will follow (Isa 11:6-9; Amos 9:13-15).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

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The Coming Rapture of the Church

Posted on November 17, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The Rapture of the church is the future event in which Christ will descend from heaven to gather His bride, the church, to Himself. Paul describes it as a mystery previously unrevealed but now made known, declaring, “Behold, I tell you a mystery; we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed” (1 Cor 15:51-52). The term rapture comes from the Latin rapio, a translation of the Greek harpazō, meaning to seize or snatch away, as found in Paul’s statement that believers will be “caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air” (1 Th 4:17). This supernatural catching away involves the bodily resurrection of deceased believers, the transformation of living saints into their glorified bodies, and the collective meeting of the entire church with Christ in the air. According to Ryrie, “At the rapture some mortals (living) will only need to put on immortality, while those whose bodies have seen corruption (dead) will need to put on incorruption through resurrection. Both routes to heaven involve change—the living need to be translated and the dead raised. The last generation of Christians will not experience death.” (Charles Ryrie, A Survey of Bible Doctrine, p. 166). Unlike the Second Coming, where Christ visibly descends to the earth in judgment and to establish His earthly kingdom (Rev 19:11-16; Zech 14:4), the Rapture is Christ’s coming for His saints and constitutes the blessed hope of the church (Tit 2:13).

The comfort of the Rapture lies in the believer’s assurance of eternal union with Christ and deliverance from divine wrath. Paul emphasizes this comfort by saying, “For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord. Therefore comfort one another with these words” (1 Th 4:16-18). This event is imminent, meaning it could occur at any moment, without warning signs, in keeping with Jesus’ promise: “I go and prepare a place for you. If I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself, that where I am, there you may be also” (John 14:2-3). The Rapture of the church is the believer’s hope not only of escaping the coming wrath (1 Th 1:10; 5:9) but also of entering into the joyful presence of Christ, where death and sorrow will forever be abolished (Rev 21:4). The Rapture thus motivates holy living, strengthens faith amidst trials, and orients the believer’s heart toward eternal realities. Fruchtenbaum states, “As each day ends, it brings the believer one day closer to the time when the Rapture may occur. Because of this imminency, it is time for believers to awaken out of sleep and to live a life consistent with the position of being sons of light.” (Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Footsteps of the Messiah, p. 154).

In God’s sovereign plan, the removal of the church through the Rapture may serve as a divine reset upon the world stage, preparing the way for the rise of global events prophesied for the Tribulation period. With the restraining influence of the church and the indwelling Holy Spirit’s unique ministry through it removed (2 Th 2:6-7), the world will be positioned for the ascent of the man of lawlessness (2 Th 2:8) and the formation of a one-world system of government, economy, and religion (Dan 7:23-25; Rev 13:1-18; 17:1-18). Current movements toward globalism, international financial consolidation, ecumenical religious cooperation, and increasing hostility toward Israel may be viewed as preparatory shadows of what will unfold in full after the Rapture. God, who “changes the times and the epochs; He removes kings and establishes kings” (Dan 2:21), will sovereignly direct history toward its appointed climax. Thus, while the church eagerly waits for Christ from heaven, the world is unknowingly being set in motion toward the fulfillment of the very events Scripture foretells, events which will ultimately display both God’s judgment on rebellious humanity and His faithfulness to Israel and His covenant promises.

To be ready for the Rapture and the events that follow, a person must first belong to Christ, and this happens only through faith in Him, for “whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life” (John 3:16). Jesus is the eternal Son of God (John 1:1; Heb 1:8), who became truly human while never ceasing to be divine (John 1:14; Col 2:9). He lived a perfectly sinless life, for “in Him there is no sin” (1 John 3:5), and at the cross He died in our place, bearing the penalty for our sins as the just for the unjust (Mark 10:45; 1 Pet 3:18). He was buried, and on the third day He rose again according to the Scriptures, conquering sin and death (1 Cor 15:3-4). Because of His finished work, He now offers eternal life as a free gift to all who believe in Him, for “the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Rom 6:23). Becoming a Christian does not come through works, rituals, or self-effort, but through trusting in Christ alone for salvation. The matter is simple: “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved” (Acts 16:31). Those who place their faith in Him are forgiven all their sins, declared righteous, and delivered from “the wrath to come” (1 Th 1:10). Jesus Himself assures, “I give eternal life to them, and they will never perish; and no one will snatch them out of My hand” (John 10:28). This is the simple yet profound promise of the gospel—eternal life through faith in Christ alone (John 3:16; Acts 4:12).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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Overview of Future Prophetic Events

Posted on September 15, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

What follows is an overview of future prophetic events as revealed in Scripture. It is not a comprehensive or technical analysis, but a panoramic survey designed to provide clarity and structure for understanding God’s prophetic program. This presentation moves sequentially—from the Rapture of the Church to the eternal state—outlining the major movements of eschatology as understood from a literal, historical, grammatical interpretation of Scripture. Each section is grounded in key biblical passages and reflects a traditional dispensational perspective, affirming the distinctiveness of Israel and the Church and the unfolding of God’s sovereign plan through both time and eternity. Readers should note that this is a bird’s-eye view, intended to give the big picture. Deeper exegetical and theological treatments of these subjects are available elsewhere—but for now, we take our place as students of prophecy, watching history move steadily toward its divine consummation.

Prophetic Overview

The next great event in God’s prophetic program is the Rapture of the Church (John 14:1-3), which is the sudden, bodily, and upward catching away of all Church-age believers—both living and dead—to meet Christ in the air (1 Th 4:13-18; 1 Cor 15:51-53). The word Rapture—though not found in English Bibles—comes from the Latin rapturo, which translates the Greek harpazō (“to snatch away”) in 1 Thessalonians 4:17, and accurately describes the sudden catching away of believers to meet Christ in the air. This event is imminent, meaning it could occur at any moment, with no signs preceding it. It is distinct from the Second Coming and is exclusively for the Church, the body and bride of Christ (Eph 5:25-27). At the Rapture, deceased believers will be resurrected, and living believers will be instantly transformed. This marks the end of the Church Age—a mystery age not revealed in the Old Testament—and removes believers from the earth before God pours out His wrath in the Tribulation (1 Th 1:10; 5:9). The Church is promised deliverance, not participation, in the Day of the Lord (Rev 3:10). According to Fruchtenbaum:

“The Church is composed of all true believers from Pentecost in Acts two until the Rapture of the Church. The Rapture excludes the Old Testament saints. It also excludes the Tribulation saints. The only saints who will be raptured are the Church saints. The Rapture passages clearly state that only those who are in Christ will partake of the Rapture.”^[1]

After the Rapture and while the Tribulation unfolds on earth, believers in heaven will appear before the judgment seat of Christ—also called the Bema seat—for evaluation and reward (2 Cor 5:10; Rom 14:10-12). According to Pentecost, “The believer’s works are brought into judgment, called ‘the things done in his body’ (2 Cor. 5:10), in order that it may be determined whether they are good or bad.”^[2] This is not a judgment for sin, as all sins were fully paid for by Christ on the cross (Rom 8:1; Heb 10:14), and believers are already justified by faith (Rom 3:28; 5:1; Gal 2:16). Rather, the Bema is a judgment of the believer’s service, motives, and faithfulness in the Christian life. Paul describes this as a testing of each person’s work—whether it was built with gold, silver, and precious stones, or with wood, hay, and straw (1 Cor 3:12-15). Those works of eternal value, done in alignment with God’s Word, empowered by the Spirit, and offered for the glory of God, will endure the fire of divine evaluation and be rewarded. Unfruitful or self-centered efforts will be burned up, resulting in loss of reward—but not loss of salvation. The Bema seat thus underscores the seriousness of our stewardship in this life and highlights the grace of God, who not only saves but also rewards His people for their faithfulness. It is here that crowns are awarded (2 Tim 4:8; 1 Pet 5:4; Jam 1:12), and the Church is made ready as the adorned bride of Christ (Rev 19:7-8).

Following the Rapture, the Tribulation period begins, a seven-year timeframe marked by divine judgment and escalating global chaos (Dan 9:27; Matt 24:4-28). According to Thomas Ice, “In this discourse [Matt 24:4-28], Jesus describes for the disciples the tribulation period. In verses 4-14, He speaks about the first half of the tribulation, and in verses 15-28, He describes the second half leading up to the second coming.”^[3] The Tribulation begins with the signing of a covenant between the coming world ruler—the Antichrist—and Israel (Dan 9:27). This covenant allows Israel to resume temple worship, likely including animal sacrifices. The first half of the Tribulation (three and a half years) is marked by political deception, regional wars, famine, and limited divine judgments (Rev 6:1-8). Though catastrophic, these judgments are restrained, giving the world time to repent. Two notable events during this time include the ministry of the 144,000 sealed Jewish evangelists (Rev 7:1-8) and the rise of global religious syncretism symbolized by the harlot of Revelation 17.

Midway through the Tribulation, the Antichrist breaks his covenant with Israel, halts temple sacrifices, and sets up the abomination of desolation in the rebuilt Jewish temple, proclaiming himself to be God (Dan 9:27; Matt 24:15; 2 Th 2:3-4). This initiates the Great Tribulation, the second and more intense half of the seven-year period (Matt 24:21-22). During this time, Satan is cast down to earth with great fury (Rev 12:7-12), and the Antichrist is empowered to wage war against the saints, particularly the believing Jewish remnant and Gentile converts who refuse to worship him (Rev 13:7-10). The False Prophet promotes this global idolatry and enforces the mark of the beast (Rev 13:11-18). Despite escalating evil, God continues to offer grace through angelic proclamations (Rev 14:6-7) and the faithful witness of believers, many of whom are martyred.

As the Tribulation nears its end, a series of cataclysmic judgments intensify God’s wrath: trumpet and bowl judgments devastate the environment, economy, and world population (Rev 8-9; 16). Political alliances form against Israel, setting the stage for the Battle of Armageddon. The kings of the earth, stirred by demonic influence, gather in the valley of Megiddo to destroy Jerusalem and annihilate the Jewish people (Zech 12:2-3; Rev 16:13-16). But just as it seems all hope is lost, the heavens open, and Christ returns in glory with His holy angels and glorified saints (Zech 14:1-11; Rev 19:11-16). According to Ryrie, “the second coming of Christ will occur prior to the Millennium, which will see the establishment of Christ’s kingdom on this earth for a literal one thousand years.”^[4] This Second Coming is visible, dramatic, and earth-shaking. Christ will personally destroy the Antichrist and the False Prophet, casting them into the lake of fire (Rev 19:19-20), and He will bind Satan in the abyss for 1,000 years (Rev 20:1-3).

At the return of Christ, the Millennial Kingdom will be established—a literal 1,000-year reign of Jesus Christ on earth, centered in Jerusalem (Rev 20:4-6). Fruchtenbaum states, “The Millennium will not begin the day immediately following the last day of the Great Tribulation because there will be a seventy-five day interval.”^[5] The 75-day interval serves to cleanse and prepare the earth for Christ’s Millennial reign by judging the nations, restoring order, and inaugurating millennial blessings (Dan 12:11-12; Matt 25:31-46). After that, Christ will establish His kingdom on earth. He will fulfill all Old Testament covenants with Israel, including the Abrahamic (Gen 12:1-3), Davidic (2 Sam 7:16; Psa 89:35-37; Luke 1:31-33), and New Covenants (Jer 31:31-34). Israel will be regathered, restored, and exalted among the nations (Isa 2:2-4; Zech 14:16-21). The curse on nature will be partially lifted, and peace, righteousness, and justice will characterize Christ’s reign (Isa 11:1-10). Temple worship will resume, though modified, with sacrifices serving as memorials of Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice (Ezek 40–48). Though Satan is bound, human beings born during the Millennium—descendants of Tribulation survivors—will still have sin natures and need salvation.

At the end of the thousand years, Satan is released for a final rebellion (Rev 20:7-9). He will deceive a vast number of people, proving that even in a perfect environment, man’s sin nature still inclines him to rebel against God. Fire from heaven will consume the rebellious forces, and Satan will be cast into the lake of fire forever (Rev 20:10). Then comes the Great White Throne Judgment, where all unbelievers throughout history are resurrected, judged according to their works, and condemned to eternal separation from God in the lake of fire (Rev 20:11-15). This is not a judgment to determine salvation, but to reveal the just grounds for condemnation due to their rejection of God’s provision of grace. There is no mention of the Church here, as believers were already judged at the Bema Seat following the Rapture (2 Cor 5:10; Rom 14:10).

After the final judgment, God creates a new heaven and a new earth where righteousness dwells (2 Pet 3:13; Rev 21:1). The eternal state begins, free from sin, death, pain, and sorrow. The New Jerusalem descends from heaven, adorned like a bride, and becomes the dwelling place of the redeemed (Rev 21:2-4). God’s people from all ages will dwell in perfect fellowship with Him forever, enjoying His presence, His glory, and His goodness without end. There will be no temple in the New Jerusalem, for the Lord God and the Lamb are its temple (Rev 21:22). The curse is gone (Rev 22:3), the water of life flows freely, and the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations. Eternity will be a time of unbroken peace, joy, service, and worship. The former things will have passed away, and the redeemed will enjoy their inheritance in the presence of their Savior forever.

Summary

The prophetic Word of God unveils a majestic and ordered panorama of future events, from the imminent Rapture of the Church to the eternal state in the new heavens and new earth. Each stage—whether the Tribulation, Christ’s return, the Millennial Kingdom, or the final judgment—demonstrates God’s sovereign control over history and His faithfulness to fulfill every covenant and promise. For the Church, prophecy is about prediction and preparation. It reminds us that history is moving steadily toward divine consummation, and that our hope is anchored not in the shifting sands of this world, but in the unshakable promises of our returning Savior. As we await that blessed hope, we do so with confidence, vigilance, and joy, knowing that the same God who keeps His Word about the future is the same God who sustains us in the present. Come, Lord Jesus (Rev 22:20).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Footsteps of the Messiah: A Study of the Sequence of Prophetic Events, Rev. ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 2003), 142.

^[2] J. Dwight Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1958), 223.

^[3] Timothy J. Demy and Thomas Ice, Answers to Common Questions about the End Times (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2011), 64.

^[4] Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 522.

^[5] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Footsteps of the Messiah, 361.

God’s Faithfulness to Israel

Posted on August 27, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

God created Israel as a unique nation, set apart from all others. Scripture declares, “Thus says the Lord, your Creator, O Jacob, and He who formed you, O Israel, ‘Do not fear, for I have redeemed you; I have called you by name; you are Mine’” (Isa 43:1). Here, God is identified as Israel’s “Creator” (בָּרָא bara) and the One who “formed” (יָצַר yāṣar) them. The word bara (create) is used in Genesis 1:1 for God’s unique, sovereign act of creation. In Isaiah 43:1, it highlights God’s initiative in bringing Israel into existence as a nation, both physically and covenantally. The parallel yāṣar (“form”) adds the imagery of craftsmanship or shaping, emphasizing God’s intentional design of Israel for His purposes (cf. Isa 43:21). Radmacher states, “The use of these verbs here suggests that the Lord’s creation of Israel as a people was as decisive an act as His creation of human beings at the beginning.”^[1] According to Young, “The participle creator suggests creation out of nothing. Yahweh chose the nation at Sinai, created it out of nothing, and made of it the theocracy. When He approached Israel in covenant, it was a slave people in Egypt, not even an independent nation able to stand on its own. What Israel has become, therefore, is due to the pure grace of God alone.”^[2]

Israel’s existence is no accident of history but the result of God’s sovereign purpose. He chose them not for their size or virtue but because of His covenant love and oath to the patriarchs: Abraham (Gen 12:1-3), Isaac (Gen 26:3-5), and Jacob (Gen 28:13-15). Moses declared, “The LORD did not set His love on you nor choose you because you were more in number than any of the peoples, for you were the fewest of all peoples, but because the LORD loved you and kept the oath which He swore to your forefathers” (Deut 7:7-8). Craigie states. “Negatively, they were not chosen on the basis of their numerical strength; they were numerically a very small people in the context of other Near Eastern peoples and nations. Positively, they were chosen because the Lord loved them; the reason for God’s special love, though it contained within it a purpose, remains essentially a mystery.”^[3]

At the heart of Israel’s identity lies the Abrahamic Covenant, in which God promised Abraham land, descendants, and blessing for all nations through him (Gen 12:1-3; 15:18-21; 17:7-8). These promises were unconditional, secured by God’s own oath (Gen 22:16-18; Heb 6:13-18). God regards Israel as “the apple of His eye” (Deut 32:10; Zech 2:8), and He loves them forever, saying, “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore, I have drawn you with lovingkindness” (Jer 31:3). According to Chafer, “An everlasting love includes a love from all eternity past and extends on into eternity to come. This nation is thus loved in spite of their evil and multiplied rejections of Jehovah. That everlasting love will yet prevail and this unworthy people will inherit all that Jehovah has determined.”^[4]

Israel’s continued existence rests on God’s covenant faithfulness, “For the LORD will not abandon His people on account of His great name” (1Sam 12:22a), and, “the LORD will not abandon His people, nor will He forsake His inheritance” (Psa 94:14).[5] Paul states, for “to them belong the adoption as sons and the glory and the covenants and the giving of the Law and the temple service and the promises, whose are the fathers, and from whom is the Christ according to the flesh” (Rom 9:4-5). So certain is their preservation that the Lord ties their continued existence to the stability of creation itself: “Thus says the Lord, who gives the sun for light by day and the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night… ‘If this fixed order departs from before Me,’ declares the Lord, ‘then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before Me forever’” (Jer 31:35-36).

God originally entrusted Israel with a priestly calling, saying, “Now then, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be My own possession among all the peoples, for all the earth is Mine; and you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” (Ex 19:5-6). Their role was not only to serve the Lord in holiness but also to be a witness to the surrounding nations, for the Lord declared of His Servant Israel, “I will also make You a light of the nations so that My salvation may reach to the end of the earth” (Isa 49:6; cf. Deut 4:6-8). Yet rather than remaining distinct, Israel often adopted the corrupt values and idolatrous practices of the nations around them, as the Lord said, “They mingled with the nations and learned their practices, and served their idols, which became a snare to them” (Psa 106:35-36; cf. 2 Kgs 17:7-12). Ross notes, “It is hard to imagine how quickly the Israelites embraced these horrible sins of idolatry and murder of the innocent in the name of religion. But they did, and as a result they defiled the land with the shedding of innocent blood.”^[6] Because of Israel’s unfaithfulness, God had to discipline them, sending them into captivity and scattering them among the nations. Jeremiah wrote, “The Lord has done what He purposed; He has accomplished His word which He commanded from days of old. He has thrown down without sparing, and He has caused the enemy to rejoice over you” (Lam 2:17; cf. Judg 2:11-15; 2 Chr 36:15-17).

Tragically, Israel also rejected her Messiah when He came. The apostle John records, “He came to His own, and those who were His own did not receive Him” (John 1:11). Israel’s leaders even went so far as to accuse the Messiah of casting out demons by the power of Satan (Matt 12:24; Mark 3:22). Jesus Himself wept over Jerusalem, lamenting their stubborn unbelief, saying, “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were unwilling. Behold, your house is being left to you desolate” (Matt 23:37-38). Concerning Israel’s rejection of Jesus as the Messiah, Peter states, “The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone” (1 Pet 2:7). The “stone” refers to Christ Himself, whom Israel rejected. Fruchtenbaum states, “The stone is Jesus the Messiah who is both elect and precious according to 1 Pet 2:4. In this case, He is not merely a stone; He is the chief corner stone.”^[7] Because of this rejection, God brought judgment upon the nation, seen most vividly in the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70 and their ongoing dispersion. Paul further clarifies that this rejection led to a “partial hardening” of Israel, which is temporary and will last “until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in” (Rom 11:25). This means that God has set aside Israel as a nation in the present age while He gathers a people from both Jews and Gentiles, but His covenant promises to Israel remain and will be fulfilled in the future (Rom 11:26-29).

God’s promises to Israel remain irrevocable. Paul affirms, “From the standpoint of the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but from the standpoint of God’s choice they are beloved for the sake of the fathers; for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable” (Rom 11:28-29). Even when under divine discipline, the Lord will not cast them off entirely, for “when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them, nor will I so abhor them as to destroy them, breaking My covenant with them; for I am the Lord their God” (Lev 26:44). Israel remains the object of His covenant promises, including the coming New Covenant. God said, “Behold, days are coming… when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah… I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people” (Jer 31:31-33). While the Church shares in spiritual blessings of this covenant (2 Cor 3:6; Heb 8:6-13), its national fulfillment awaits Israel’s future restoration.

That future will unfold when Messiah returns in glory, when “they will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son” (Zech 12:10). In that day, “all Israel will be saved, just as it is written, ‘The Deliverer will come from Zion, He will remove ungodliness from Jacob. This is My covenant with them, when I take away their sins’” (Rom 11:26-27). Christ will reign from Jerusalem (for a thousand years), the city God has chosen, “For the Lord has chosen Zion; He has desired it for His habitation. ‘This is My resting place forever; here I will dwell, for I have desired it’” (Psa 132:13-14). The nations will stream to Jerusalem for blessing and instruction, saying, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; that He may teach us concerning His ways and that we may walk in His paths” (Isa 2:3). Israel will at last fulfill her calling to be a light to the nations (Isa 49:6; 60:1-3), and the whole earth will be filled with the glory of God.

This unfolding plan warns the nations that how they treat Israel carries eschatological consequence, for the Lord declares, “I will gather all the nations and bring them down to the valley of Jehoshaphat. Then I will enter into judgment with them there on behalf of My people and My inheritance, Israel… and they have divided up My land” (Joel 3:2). Israel’s preservation is therefore not merely about Israel, but about the very integrity of God Himself. Paul wrote, “What then? If some did not believe, their unbelief will not nullify the faithfulness of God, will it? May it never be! Rather, let God be found true, though every man be found a liar” (Rom 3:3-4).

Christians, then, must resist the error of replacement theology, which denies Israel’s future and claims her promises for the Church. Paul warns Gentile believers, “Do not be arrogant toward the branches; but if you are arrogant, remember that it is not you who supports the root, but the root supports you” (Rom 11:18). The Church has not replaced Israel but has been graciously grafted in to share in Israel’s blessings through Christ (Rom 11:17). Therefore, Christians should love the Jewish people, resist anti-Semitism in every form, and anticipate with joy the day of their national restoration. Believers are exhorted to “pray for the peace of Jerusalem: ‘May they prosper who love you’” (Psa 122:6). This means praying for Israel’s present security, but more importantly for their ultimate peace in Messiah, the “Prince of Peace” (Isa 9:6). To pray for Israel is to align with God’s covenant purpose, anticipate Christ’s coming kingdom reign (Zech 14:16-19), and bear witness to God’s faithfulness before the world.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, and H. Wayne House, Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Commentary (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1999), 851.

^[2] Edward Young, The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 40–66, vol. 3 (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1972), 138.

^[3] Peter C. Craigie, The Book of Deuteronomy, The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1976), 179–180.

^[4] Lewis Sperry Chafer, Systematic Theology, vol. 4 (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1993), 317.

[5] Throughout Scripture, God repeatedly acts for His name’s sake, preserving His reputation and covenant faithfulness despite the failures of His people. Moses appealed to this when interceding for Israel after the golden calf (Ex 32:12), and the prophets emphasized it in Israel’s restoration: “It is not for your sake … but for My holy name” (Ezek 36:22). The psalmists likewise prayed on this basis, asking God to pardon and guide “for Your name’s sake” (Psa 23:3; 25:11).

^[6] Allen P. Ross, A Commentary on the Psalms (90–150): Commentary, vol. 3, Kregel Exegetical Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2016), 291.

^[7] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Jewish Epistles: Hebrews, James, First Peter, Second Peter, Jude, 1st ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 2005), 341.

What is the Kingdom of God?

Posted on August 20, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The phrase “kingdom of God” is not a strict synonym for heaven; its meaning depends on context. Many New Testament references—especially those involving inheritance—point not to heaven as God’s dwelling, but to the future, earthly Millennial Kingdom of Christ. It’s called the kingdom of God because it’s God’s rule—on earth. The authority is heavenly, but the reign is earthly. Jesus will bring divine government down to Jerusalem, fulfilling the prayer: “Your kingdom come, Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven” (Matt 6:10). That kingdom will be a literal, thousand-year reign of Jesus Christ from Jerusalem (Rev 20:1-6), where He will rule the nations with righteousness and justice (Isa 2:2-4; Zech 14:9, 16-17; Luke 1:32-33).

At His first coming, Jesus offered the kingdom to Israel. His disciples expected His reign to begin soon. In Luke 19:11, Jesus gave a parable “because they supposed that the kingdom of God was going to appear immediately.” They were not thinking about going to heaven; rather, they were anticipating Messiah’s earthly reign. Scripture reveals that God’s reign is universal (Psa 103:19; Dan 4:34); however, the New Testament also emphasizes an eschatological aspect that points forward to Christ’s literal rule on earth (Luke 1:32-33; Matt 19:28; Rev 20:1-6). This coming kingdom fulfills the unconditional covenants made with Israel, including the Abrahamic and Davidic promises (2 Sam 7:12-16; Isa 11; Jer 23:5-6). It is geopolitical, national, and physical, rooted in Jewish soil and guaranteed by divine decree.

Kingdom Postponed

The kingdom that Jesus offered at His first coming was rejected by Israel’s leadership, who accused Him of performing miracles by the power of Satan (Matt 12:24), marking a decisive turning point in His public offer. Jesus declared, “The kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people producing its fruit” (Matt 21:43), signaling a delay in its establishment. Though He had offered the kingdom to that generation, He later wept over Jerusalem and said, “You will not see Me until you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!’” (Matt 23:39), pointing to a future national repentance. The kingdom was not annulled or redefined; rather, it was postponed until Israel is spiritually prepared to receive it. As a result, the focus of God’s program temporarily shifted to the Church (Rom 11:25). Jesus’s offer was genuine, but the rejection triggered a delay until His return, when Israel will welcome Him as King (Zech 12:10; Matt 23:37-39; Rom 10:9-10).

The Millennial Kingdom

The Millennial Kingdom refers to the literal, thousand-year reign of Jesus Christ on the earth, following His second advent (Rev 20:1–6). It is not heaven, but the establishment of heaven’s rule on earth—the fulfillment of God’s covenants and promises made to Israel and the nations. During this time, Christ will reign as the Davidic King from Jerusalem, administering perfect righteousness and justice throughout the world (Isa 2:2–4; Jer 23:5–6; Zech 14:9, 16–17). The curse upon nature will be partially lifted, and creation will experience restoration and peace (Isa 11:6–9; Rom 8:19–22). The government will be theocratic, combining divine authority with human administration under the glorified Messiah. Israel will be the head of the nations, enjoying the fulfillment of the Abrahamic, Land, Davidic, and New Covenants, while Gentile nations will share in the blessings of Christ’s reign (Gen 12:1–3; Deut 30:1–10; 2 Sam 7:12–16; Jer 31:31–34). The saints of all ages, resurrected and glorified, will exercise delegated authority in administration and judgment (Dan 7:27; 1 Cor 6:2; Rev 5:10; 20:4). The King’s rule will be characterized by absolute authority, universal peace, and worldwide worship (Psa 72:8–11; Zech 14:16). Yet, despite the visible presence of Christ and universal knowledge of the Lord, human volition remains intact, and unbelievers will still be born to mortal subjects of the kingdom. At the end of the millennium, Satan will be released briefly, leading a final rebellion which God will swiftly destroy (Rev 20:7–10). The Millennial Kingdom will culminate in the final judgment of unbelievers, followed by the creation of the new heavens and new earth (Rev 20:11–21:1). Thus, the Millennial Kingdom represents the ultimate vindication of divine righteousness in human history—the visible reign of God’s Messiah, bringing to completion every prophetic covenant and establishing His glory upon the earth as it is in heaven (Matt 6:10).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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Why and How I Pray for Israel

Posted on August 2, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Israel’s Future in God’s Faithfulness

From Genesis to Revelation, the story of Israel is the story of a chosen people uniquely called and covenanted by God—not because of their merit, but because of His faithfulness. The Abrahamic Covenant (Gen 12:1-3; 15:1-21; 17:1-8) remains in effect to this day. It is an unconditional, unilateral promise in which God swore to give Abraham’s descendants a land, a nation, and a blessing, and it has never been annulled or replaced. Even though the majority of Israel remains in unbelief, they are still God’s covenant people, and “they are beloved for the sake of the fathers” (Rom 11:28). Their future restoration is not only prophesied—it is guaranteed by God’s own character.

Scripture teaches that Israel is presently under divine discipline. After centuries of rebellion, culminating in the rejection of their Messiah, Jesus declared, “Behold, your house is being left to you desolate!” (Matt 23:38). Fruchtenbaum notes, “Because of their rejection of His messiahship, in place of being gathered they are going to be scattered” (A. G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology, 783). Yet this was not a cancellation of the covenant, as Jesus added, “For I tell you, you will not see Me again, until you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord’” (Matt 23:39). That future confession will come at His Second Coming, when the Jewish leadership will lead the nation in receiving their Messiah. Until then, Israel is undergoing “a partial hardening…until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in” (Rom 11:25), after which “all Israel will be saved” (Rom 11:26). This discipline is temporary and purposeful—God is preserving His people through chastening, preparing them for repentance and restoration. His hand has never left them.

My Love for Israel

I love Israel, because they are God’s chosen people, and set apart for a unique role in history. Scripture declares, “The Lord your God has chosen you to be a people for His own possession out of all the peoples who are on the face of the earth” (Deut 7:6). This choosing was not based on merit, but on God’s faithfulness and love: “The Lord did not set His love on you nor choose you because you were more in number than any of the peoples…but because the Lord loved you and kept the oath which He swore to your forefathers” (Deut 7:7-8). Though Israel has often stumbled, God’s love for them endures. He says, “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore, I have drawn you with lovingkindness” (Jer 31:3). Even now, during a time of national unbelief, Paul reminds us that “they are beloved for the sake of the fathers; for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable” (Rom 11:28-29). Israel remains the apple of His eye (Zech 2:8), and He will fulfill every promise He made to the patriarchs, bringing about their future restoration when they turn to the Messiah in faith (Zech 12:10; Rom 11:26).

My Prayers for Israel

Lately, when I’ve been praying for Israel, I keep thinking about Moses and how he interceded for his people during a time of deep disobedience, when they turned from the Lord to worship a golden calf (Ex 32:1-6). The Lord saw their corruption (Ex 32:7-8) and said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and behold, they are an obstinate people” (Ex 32:9). God’s anger burned against them, and He declared, “Now then let Me alone, that My anger may burn against them and that I may destroy them; and I will make of you a great nation” (Ex 32:10). Interestingly, Moses stood in the gap and prayed for Israel, appealing to God’s character and covenant promises. His intercession serves as a wonderful example for how I pray for Israel today. There are three parts to Moses prayer (Ex 32:11-13).

First, Moses reminded God that Israel belonged to Him, saying, “Why does Your anger burn against Your people whom You have brought out from the land of Egypt?” (Ex 32:11). Moses did not refer to Israel as his people, but as God’s people—chosen, delivered, and set apart by Him. To say they were God’s people was to anchor their identity, destiny, and security in His covenant faithfulness. Moses interceded not on the basis of Israel’s worthiness, but on the grounds of God’s unchanging commitment to those He had called His own (Deut 7:6-8).

Second, Moses appealed to God’s reputation, saying, “Why should the Egyptians speak, saying, ‘With evil intent He brought them out to kill them in the mountains?’” (Ex 32:12). Moses cared about how the world would perceive God’s actions. This principle still stands. When I pray for Israel, I pray not merely for their safety or national success, but for God’s name—His reputation—to be magnified in how He deals with them. The nations are watching, and Israel’s story is ultimately about God’s glory and faithfulness. Whether through judgment or mercy, His dealings must demonstrate His justice, His love, and His covenant fidelity.

Finally, Moses appealed to God’s covenant promises, saying, “Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, Your servants to whom You swore by Yourself, and said to them, ‘I will multiply your descendants’” (Ex 32:13). Moses took God back to His Word—not to hold Him hostage to it, but to show that he trusted in God’s integrity. Moses knew that God keeps His promises to His people. When I pray for Israel, I echo this appeal. I’m not asking for blessing based on Israel’s righteousness, but on God’s faithfulness. (Gen 12:1-3; 15:18; 17:7-8; Psa 105:8-11; Rom 11:28-29). I ask God to act in accordance with His promises—not only because He is just, but because He delights in faithful love (Mic 7:18-20).

My Prayer for Israel:

O Lord, You are the faithful God who keeps everlasting promises to the fathers (Deut 7:9), and Israel remains Your covenant people—called by Your name, formed by Your hand, and beloved for the sake of the patriarchs (Isa 43:1, 21; Rom 11:28). I pray for the peace of Jerusalem (Psa 122:6), that Your purposes may be fulfilled and Your name glorified among the nations (Isa 66:18-20; Ezek 36:23). For the sake of Your great name, act in mercy and power; do not let the nations say that You have forsaken Your people (Jer 33:24-26). Show that You are the God who disciplines yet restores, whose wrath is just and whose mercy is abundant (Hos 11:8-9; Mic 7:18-19). You swore to bless Abraham’s descendants and make them many (Gen 12:2-3; 15:5; 22:17), and I trust You will keep that Word, for You are God and cannot lie (Num 23:19; Tit 1:2; Heb 6:18). Until Messiah returns, raise up laborers to proclaim the gospel, to pray for Your people, and to support Israel in ways that honor and glorify You and bring blessing to them. I ask this in Jesus’ name, Amen.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.

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Pray for Israel, God’s Chosen People

Posted on June 27, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Israel is God’s covenant nation, uniquely chosen out of all the peoples of the earth to serve His redemptive purposes in history. This divine selection was not based on national merit or numerical strength but solely on God’s sovereign love and fidelity to the promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Deut 7:6-9). The Abrahamic covenant—unconditional and everlasting (Gen 17:7)—established Israel as the vehicle through which God would bless the world. Though Israel’s national history has been marked by cycles of rebellion and judgment, God’s covenantal commitment to them has never been nullified. Even in their present condition of unbelief, they remain “beloved for the sake of the fathers” (Rom 11:28).

Romans 11 is a theologically rich affirmation of Israel’s future. Paul warns the Gentile believers not to become arrogant, for Israel’s partial hardening is neither total nor final (Rom 11:25). A future national conversion awaits, when “all Israel will be saved” (Rom 11:26)—a statement best understood as referring to a future generation of ethnic Israelites who will turn to Christ at His second coming. This redemptive climax will fulfill Isaiah’s prophecy that “The Deliverer will come from Zion, He will remove ungodliness from Jacob” (Rom 11:26; cf. Isa 59:20-21). God is not done with Israel. Their rejection is temporary; their restoration is certain.

God’s love for Israel is not fickle or reactive. The Lord told Israel, “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore, I have drawn you with lovingkindness” (Jer 31:3). This divine affection transcends the nation’s failures and persists through the ages. Israel’s unbelief cannot undo God’s unilateral promises. Paul makes this crystal clear, saying, “for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable” (Rom 11:29). The word ametamelētos (ἀμεταμέλητος) used here denotes a decision not subject to regret or reversal. God does not rescind His covenants; His Word is settled (Psa 119:89). God cannot lie (Num 23:19; Heb 6:18). The Abrahamic, Davidic, and New Covenants remain intact, awaiting full fulfillment in God’s prophetic timetable.

Israel’s current unbelief, while tragic, is part of a divine mystery that allows for the ingathering of the Gentiles (Rom 11:11-15). Yet this does not render the Church a “new Israel” or spiritual replacement. That theological misstep—replacement theology—must be categorically rejected. The Church and Israel remain distinct in Scripture. The Church is the body of Christ, a mystery not revealed in the Old Testament (Eph 3:1-6), while Israel is the nation with whom God made historical and prophetic covenants. To confuse or conflate the two is to violate the integrity of biblical teaching.

In light of God’s enduring plan for Israel, Christians are not to harbor disdain or indifference but compassion and intercession. The psalmist exhorts, “Pray for the peace of Jerusalem: ‘May they prosper who love you’” (Psa 122:6). This is not a call to sentimentalism but a theological mandate rooted in God’s redemptive agenda. We are to emulate Moses, who—though grieved by Israel’s sin at Sinai—interceded for them with boldness and reverence (Ex 32:11-14). God relented, not because Israel was deserving, but because He is faithful to His covenant and responsive to the prayer of the righteous.

Today, many Jews live in secular unbelief, and the modern state of Israel, while providentially preserved, is not yet the spiritual remnant foreseen in Romans 11. But the existence of national Israel is a staging ground for God’s eschatological purposes. He will regather them not only to the land but to Himself. The current partial blindness will be removed, and a national revival will occur when they look upon Him whom they pierced (Zech 12:10). Until then, we wait with hope and pray with urgency, knowing that the God who chose Israel will restore Israel.

Let us not forget: God’s faithfulness to Israel is the visible proof of His integrity to all mankind. If He can abandon the nation He swore to uphold, then no promise is secure. But He cannot lie (Heb 6:18; Tit 1:2), and He will not change (Mal 3:6). Israel’s story is not over. The covenant nation remains beloved. And the final chapters, already written in prophecy, will unfold just as God decreed. For the believer who understands this, praying for Israel is not optional—it is obedient alignment with the heart of God and the arc of redemptive history.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div., B.Sc.

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Israel, Globalism, and the Rapture

Posted on June 20, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The Rapture of the Church is imminent—it could happen at any moment, without warning or prerequisite signs. However, while no event must occur before the Rapture, Scripture does reveal the conditions of the world leading up to the seven-year Tribulation that follows. As we observe present global trends, it appears that the stage is being set for the fulfillment of end-times prophecy. These developments, though not signs of the Rapture itself, may indicate how close the Tribulation—and thus the Rapture—may be.

The most significant prophetic development in modern history is the rebirth of Israel in 1948. After nearly two millennia of dispersion, the Jewish people were regathered to their ancient homeland in fulfillment of passages such as Ezekiel 36–37. This regathering is essential for later events in Daniel’s 70th week (Dan 9:27) and the book of Revelation. Alongside Israel’s return is the growing global focus on Jerusalem, which Zechariah foretold would become a burdensome stone for the nations (Zech 12:2-3). Today, political pressure continues to mount for the division of Jerusalem, in direct defiance of God’s covenant purposes (Joel 3:2).

In tandem with these geopolitical shifts, we see the rise of globalism. Revelation 13 describes a future one-world government under the Antichrist. Although the Antichrist cannot appear until after the Rapture (2 Th 2:6-8), the groundwork for centralized global control is clearly underway. Institutions such as the United Nations and the World Economic Forum openly advocate for global governance, digital identification, and economic systems that would allow for global compliance—precursors to the mark of the beast system in Revelation 13:16-17. Technological advances now enable worldwide surveillance, biometric tracking, and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), all of which could be tools of totalitarian control during the Tribulation.

In the spiritual realm, the apostasy of the professing church is another powerful indicator. Paul warned of a falling away from the faith in the last days (1 Tim 4:1-3; 2 Tim 3:1-5), and that’s exactly what we’re witnessing. Many churches are abandoning sound doctrine in favor of entertainment, social agendas, or ecumenical compromise. The Gospel is often distorted—either by works-based systems or watered down to moralistic self-help. The rise of false teachers, doctrinal confusion, and biblical illiteracy is precisely what Scripture foretold.

Meanwhile, society at large is spiraling into moral chaos. Paul’s vivid description of last-days culture in 2 Timothy 3:1-5 reads like today’s headlines: people are lovers of self, arrogant, disobedient to parents, and lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God. From the normalization of sin to the celebration of rebellion against divine design, the moral fabric of civilization is unraveling. Godlessness is promoted while righteousness is increasingly ridiculed.

Another fascinating development is the preparation for a third Jewish temple. According to Daniel 9:27 and 2 Thessalonians 2:4, the Tribulation temple must be present for the Antichrist to desecrate it mid-week. Today, groups such as the Temple Institute have recreated priestly garments, temple instruments, and have even bred red heifers for ritual purification. The desire and readiness for temple worship are alive and well in Jerusalem, awaiting only political opportunity.

Equally remarkable is the alignment of nations foretold in Ezekiel 38–39. Russia (Rosh), Iran (Persia), and Turkey (Togarmah) are all forging alliances today, united by hostility toward Israel. These are precisely the nations listed in Ezekiel’s prophecy of a northern coalition that will invade Israel. Though this invasion will be sovereignly thwarted by God, its precursors are visible on today’s geopolitical stage.

Economic instability is also setting the stage. Revelation 6:5-6 describes global hyperinflation and food shortages in the Tribulation. While these judgments have not yet arrived, current economic turmoil—soaring debt, inflation, unstable markets, and supply chain failures—highlight the fragility of modern economies and how quickly the world could tip into chaos when divine restraint is removed.

Lastly, there has been a dramatic rise in occultism and spiritual deception. Paul warned that in the latter times, many would follow deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons (1 Tim 4:1). This trend is exploding today through New Age mysticism, witchcraft, astrology, and Satanism—all marketed as personal empowerment and heavily promoted through media and pop culture. Spiritual darkness is gaining traction, especially among the youth.

Taken together, these developments create a compelling picture. While the Rapture itself is signless and could happen at any time, the stage-setting for the Tribulation strongly suggests that we may be living in the final moments before Christ calls His Church home. We are not looking for signs—we are listening for the shout (1 Th 4:16-17). Until then, we walk by faith, proclaim the gospel of grace, and remain steadfast in hope, knowing our blessed hope is Christ Himself (Tit 2:13).

Friend, if you’ve never trusted in Jesus Christ as your Savior, now is the time. The gospel of grace is the good news that the eternal Son of God took on human flesh (John 1:1, 14), lived a sinless life in perfect obedience to the Father (1 John 3:5), and willingly died a substitutionary death in our place (Rom 5:8; 2 Pet 3:18). On the cross, He bore all our sins—past, present, and future—in full (1 Pet 2:24). He was buried, and on the third day He rose again bodily, just as the Scriptures foretold (1 Cor 15:3-4). Through His finished work (John 19:30), Jesus offers complete forgiveness of sins (Acts 10:43) and eternal life as a free gift—freely given, never earned (Rom 6:23; Eph 2:8-9). This gift is available to anyone who believes in Him alone for salvation (John 3:16; Acts 16:31). You don’t need to clean yourself up, make promises, or prove yourself worthy. Simply believe in Jesus as your Savior, “for whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life” (John 3:16).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div., B.Sc.

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The Kingdom Is Not Now

Posted on May 15, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Introduction

Many Christians today are confused about whether the kingdom of God is a present reality or a future hope. Some claim that Christ is already ruling on David’s throne, and that the Church is the kingdom foretold in the prophets. But a careful examination of Scripture reveals that, while God is always sovereign and Christ is indeed exalted, we are not living in the kingdom now. The promised Messianic kingdom—where Jesus rules from Jerusalem over a restored Israel and the nations—has not yet begun. Instead, we live in a time of divine postponement, a parenthetical Church Age governed by God’s providence, not His theocratic reign. The following study explores what Scripture teaches about God’s present rule, Christ’s current role, and the future establishment of His kingdom on earth.

The Coming Kingdom of God

God is always sovereign, as Scripture states, “The LORD has established His throne in the heavens, and His sovereignty rules over all” (Psa 103:19). That never changes. He rules today, just as He always has—though not in the way that many assume. Presently, we live in the Church Age (Eph 3:1-10), not the Kingdom Age (Matt 6:10; Acts 1:6-7; Rev 20:1-6). The theocratic kingdom promised throughout the Old Testament (2 Sam 7:12-16; Isa 9:6-7; Dan 2:44), where Messiah rules from David’s throne over a restored Israel and the nations (Jer 23:5-6; Zech 14:9; Luke 1:32-33), is not in operation today. That earthly kingdom was offered to Israel during Christ’s first advent, but it was rejected (Matt 11:20-24; 23:37-39). As a result, the kingdom has been postponed, not canceled. God’s plan has not failed. He simply inserted the mystery age of the Church—a parenthesis in the prophetic calendar—until Israel repents and calls on Christ as Messiah (Deut 30:1-10; Matt 23:39; Acts 3:19-21).

Make no mistake: Jesus is King by right, but not yet by reign. He is currently seated at the right hand of the Father—not on David’s throne in Jerusalem, but at the Father’s throne in heaven (Psa 110:1; Acts 2:33-35; Heb 1:3). His present role is that of our great High Priest, interceding for the Church, not ruling over a kingdom. The Davidic throne is earthly and Jewish, tied specifically to the land and people of Israel (2 Sam 7:12-16; Luke 1:32-33). Christ’s present position is exalted, but it is not the fulfillment of the kingdom prophecies found in the Old Testament. That future kingdom will be inaugurated at the Second Coming when Christ returns in power and glory to crush His enemies and establish His rule over the nations (Dan 2:44; Rev 19:11–20:6).

Today, God rules providentially—not theocratically. He governs the universe by His sovereign will, orchestrating human history for His divine purposes (Psa 103:19; Rom 8:28; Eph 1:11). He raises up kings, sets down nations, and directs the course of civilizations—all while allowing human freedom within the bounds of His ultimate control (Dan 2:21; Acts 17:26). God permits evil for a time, but it is never outside His control. God’s providence ensures that His will is accomplished, even through the decisions of ungodly rulers (Prov 21:1). While we do not yet see all things under Christ’s direct rule, we can rest knowing that all things are moving according to His timetable (Heb 2:8; Gal 4:4-5).

In the spiritual realm, Satan and his demonic forces operate today under the permissive will of God, within the boundaries of His sovereign, providential rule (Psa 103:19; Dan 4:35). Though Scripture refers to Satan as “the ruler of this world” (John 12:31), and “the god of this world” (2 Cor 4:4), his authority is limited, temporary, and always subject to divine constraint. As seen in the book of Job, Satan cannot act without God’s permission or beyond the limits God sets (Job 1:12; 2:6). While Satan actively deceives the nations, blinds complicit unbelievers, spreads false doctrine, and tempts believers (Rev 12:9; 1 Pet 5:8; 1 Tim 4:1; 2 Cor 11:13-15), his defeat is certain. Christ has already disarmed the powers of darkness through His cross (Col 2:15), and their final judgment is decreed (Matt 25:41; Rev 20:10). In this Church Age, spiritual warfare continues, and both unbelievers and carnal Christians often unwittingly aid Satan’s agenda through disobedience and worldly thinking. Yet God equips believers with the indwelling Holy Spirit, the armor of God, and His Word to stand firm (1 John 4:4; Eph 6:10-18). Thus, even demonic opposition unfolds within the framework of God’s providence and serves His ultimate purposes.

In the Church Age, Christ also rules spiritually in the hearts of believers through the indwelling ministry of the Holy Spirit. He teaches, leads, convicts, and empowers us to live according to God’s Word (John 14:26; Gal 5:16-25). This spiritual reign is personal and transformative, but it is not visible, political, or national in scope. It prepares believers for faithful living and future service in the coming kingdom (Rom 12:1-2; 2 Tim 2:12). But this internal, spiritual rule is not the same as the external, geopolitical kingdom promised in Scripture. The Church is not the kingdom. It is a distinct body—formed of Jews and Gentiles united in Christ—operating under grace, not law, and awaiting the return of its Head (Eph 1:22-23; 3:4-6).

So, is God ruling today? Absolutely. But not in the form of the prophesied Messianic earthly kingdom. That reign is still future. Today, God governs providentially from heaven, Christ intercedes for us as High Priest, and the Spirit works within us to produce Christlike character. The kingdom is not now—but the King is coming. Until then, we walk by faith, rest in grace, and look forward to the day when “the kingdoms of this world become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ” (Rev 11:15).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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World Events that Imply the Rapture is Near

Posted on May 11, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

While we do not know the day or hour of the rapture of the church (1 Th 4:13-18), we can be discerning of the times and alert to developments that appear to be setting the stage for the coming Tribulation (1 Th 5:4-6). According to Scripture, the rapture will occur prior to the Tribulation, and it stands to reason that we may observe certain precursors unfolding before the Lord calls His church to heaven. In light of this, it seems that several world events and technological advances today align with what Scripture describes as dominant features of the Tribulation period, especially the rise of the Antichrist, a centralized global government, and a unified economic system (Dan 7:23-25; Rev 13:16-17). With this in mind, we identify several trends and developments that may help us see how the world is being prepared for these future realities:

First, Israel’s presence in the land. One of the most remarkable signs of stage-setting is Israel’s existence as a sovereign nation after nearly 2,000 years of dispersion. The rebirth of the nation in 1948 fulfills key aspects of biblical prophecy regarding Israel’s physical regathering (Ezek 36:24; Amos 9:14-15). While the current return is largely political and secular, it lays the foundation for God’s future dealings with Israel during the Tribulation, culminating in the nation’s spiritual restoration at Christ’s second coming (Zech 12:10; Rom 11:26). Israel’s control over Jerusalem and Jewish settlement in the land provide the geopolitical framework necessary for Daniel’s 70th week to unfold (Dan 9:24-27).

Second, hostility in the Middle East. The persistent hostility surrounding Israel, including terror threats, international pressures, and regional instability, reflects the prophetic picture of nations gathered against Jerusalem in the last days (Zech 12:2-3; 14:2). This unrelenting opposition makes the idea of a peace agreement increasingly appealing—creating fertile ground for the rise of the Antichrist, who will broker a temporary covenant with Israel, deceptively promising peace and security (Dan 9:27). His eventual betrayal will trigger unprecedented global conflict and fulfill Jesus’ warning of the “abomination of desolation” (Matt 24:15).

Third, a desire to rebuild the temple. Alongside Israel’s political resurgence, there is growing interest among Jewish groups to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem. The Temple Institute and similar organizations have already crafted priestly garments, temple vessels, and architectural plans, eagerly awaiting the restoration of temple worship. Prophecy indicates that a future temple will exist during the Tribulation (2 Th 2:4; Rev 11:1-2), where the Antichrist will desecrate the holy place. These modern preparations, though incomplete, show that the logistical and ideological groundwork for this prophetic temple is actively advancing.

Fourth, there is a move toward globalism and centralized control. We’re witnessing increasing calls for global governance to address transnational issues like climate change, pandemics, and economic instability. Organizations like the United Nations, World Economic Forum, and International Monetary Fund frequently promote global solutions, with language that echoes visions of a world unified under centralized authority. Though well-intentioned on the surface, such trends provide the ideological and bureaucratic infrastructure for the kind of world government over which the Antichrist will ultimately preside (Rev 13:7-8).

Fifth, digital currencies and cashless economies. The rise of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) is another remarkable development. Nations like China, and even the European Union and United States, are exploring or piloting digital currencies issued by governments. Such systems allow for unprecedented control over buying and selling, aligning with the technology implied in Revelation 13:16-17, where the Beast’s economic system requires a “mark” to buy or sell. While these technologies aren’t the mark of the beast (which won’t be implemented until the Antichrist’s reign), they show the increasing feasibility of a controlled, trackable, and mandatory economic system.

Sixth, advancements in surveillance technology. Mass surveillance through facial recognition, biometric databases, artificial intelligence, and global data networks is becoming normalized. Governments and corporations have more tools than ever to monitor individuals’ movements, communications, and transactions. The Antichrist’s regime will exercise total control over people’s religious, political, and economic activities (Rev 13:15-17), and modern surveillance tools could easily facilitate such global oversight.

Seventh, religious ecumenism and push toward religious unity. In the past few decades, we’ve seen growing efforts to unite world religions under a common banner, with interfaith dialogues, joint worship services, and ecumenical partnerships becoming commonplace. Revelation 17 describes a future false religious system (the harlot) that will initially have global influence before being destroyed by the Beast. The momentum toward religious pluralism and tolerance today reflects a mindset that could be co-opted into the future religious system of the Tribulation.

Eighth, erosion of traditional values and increasing moral lawlessness. Paul warned that “the mystery of lawlessness is already at work” (2 Th 2:7), and indeed we see accelerating moral confusion, hostility toward biblical truth, and the breakdown of social norms and divine institutions. This increasing lawlessness paves the way for a leader who will appear to provide solutions but will ultimately be “the lawless one” (2 Th 2:8).

Ninth, wars, instability, and calls for peace. Jesus described wars, rumors of wars, and global instability as “the beginning of birth pangs” (Matt 24:6-8). While these are not signs of the rapture, they foreshadow the geopolitical chaos that will characterize the Tribulation and create the conditions for the Antichrist to emerge as a false messiah offering peace (Dan 9:27).

All of these trends point to the increasing plausibility of a world political, economic, and religious system under centralized control—exactly the environment Scripture describes in the Tribulation. As believers, we should avoid date-setting or sensationalism, but at the same time, we can recognize the convergence of these developments as part of God’s providential orchestration of history (Isa 46:10). In practical terms, these observations should motivate us to walk wisely, redeem the time (Eph 5:15-16), and stay focused on proclaiming the gospel of grace to a world that desperately needs it (2 Cor 5:20). Rather than retreat in fear, we can take courage knowing that our “blessed hope” is not in political solutions or economic stability, but in the imminent return of our Lord Jesus Christ (Tit 2:13). And while the world may be unknowingly setting the stage for the Antichrist, we’re joyfully awaiting Christ Himself!

As someone once quipped, “When you see Christmas decorations going up, you know Thanksgiving is near.” In a similar way, if the world is preparing for the events of the Tribulation, how much closer must the rapture be? As Christians, we do not live in fear but in confidence in God, for we know He is directing human history toward the return of Christ. We are “looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus” (Tit 2:13).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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The New Covenant

Posted on March 24, 2025 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The Bible presents several key covenants that reveal God’s unfolding plan for humanity. Divine covenants are formal agreements established by God, central to His redemptive plan, and can be classified as unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral covenants are unconditional, where God guarantees to fulfill His promises regardless of human actions. Examples include the Noahic Covenant, in which God promises never to flood the earth again (Gen 9:8-17); the Abrahamic Covenant, assuring land, descendants, and blessings for all the families of the earth (Gen 12:1-3; 15:18-21); the Davidic Covenant, promising an eternal throne through David’s lineage (2 Sam 7:12-16; Psa 89:3-4); and the New Covenant, offering forgiveness and a transformed heart (Jer 31:33-34; Ezek 36:26-27). Bilateral covenants, on the other hand, are conditional, requiring both parties to fulfill specific obligations. The Mosaic Covenant is a key example (Ex 19-24), where Israel must obey God’s law to receive blessings and avoid curses (Deut 28). Unilateral covenants highlight God’s sovereign grace, while bilateral ones emphasize human responsibility in maintaining covenant faithfulness.

The New Covenant was made between God and the nation of Israel (Jer 31:33-34; Ezek 36:26-27). Unlike the Mosaic Covenant, which Israel had broken, the New Covenant promises an internal transformation, with God’s law written on their hearts, a restored relationship with Him, and the complete forgiveness of sins. Ezekiel elaborates on this transformation by describing how God will give Israel a new heart and spirit, removing their heart of stone and replacing it with a heart of flesh, and by placing His Spirit within them, enabling them to live in obedience. The covenant will reach its full realization during the millennial reign of Christ, when all Israel will know the Lord and experience these promised blessings in their entirety (Rom 11:25-27; Zech 12:10).

The church is not a party to the New Covenant, but it shares in its spiritual blessings through its union with Christ (Rom 11:17-24; 1 Cor 11:25; 2 Cor 3:6). At the Last Supper, Jesus declared that His blood inaugurated the New Covenant (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25). Fruchtenbaum states, “By His shedding of blood, He [Jesus] inaugurated the New Covenant. He replaced, by His sacrifice, the old system and established the New Covenant.”^[1] Constable states, “Jesus ratified the New Covenant when He died on the cross, the blessings that will come to Israel did not begin then. They will begin when Jesus returns and establishes His kingdom on the earth. However, the church enters into some of the blessing of the New Covenant now.”^[2] Hebrews 8-10 affirms that Christ is the Mediator of a better covenant, highlighting the superiority of His sacrifice over the Old Covenant system. However, to be clear, the church does not replace Israel but is grafted into Israel’s spiritual blessings (Rom 11:17-24). As a result, believers in the church age experience forgiveness of sins (Eph 1:7) and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 6:19)—blessings that flow from Christ’s New Covenant work. Fruchtenbaum states, “The Church is merely partaking of the spiritual blessings of the New Covenant as she is partaking of the spiritual blessings of the Abrahamic Covenant.”^[3] The full realization of the covenant remains future, awaiting Israel’s national restoration at Christ’s return (Rom 11:25-27). Showers notes, “the Church is partaking of the spiritual blessings of the New Covenant, the material and national promises of that covenant are not being fulfilled with the Church.”^[4] Fruchtenbaum states:

“There is only one New Covenant which is made with Israel. Like the Abrahamic Covenant, it contains both physical and spiritual promises. As with the Abrahamic Covenant, the physical promises are limited to Israel but the spiritual were promised to go out to the Gentiles. Gentile believers have become “partakers” of the spiritual blessings of the New Covenant as they are of the Abrahamic Covenant.”^[5]

Since Israel has not yet accepted the Messiah as a nation, the New Covenant awaits its complete fulfillment in the millennial kingdom. The New Covenant’s full intent is national and eschatological—meaning that while believers today experience aspects of its blessings (such as forgiveness of sins and the indwelling Spirit), its covenantal structure remains distinctly tied to Israel’s future national restoration. Fruchtenbaum notes, Jesus “will some day come back, judge, and bring in the Millennial Kingdom with the full application of the New Covenant.”^[6] During this time, Israel will be fully restored to their land (Ezek 36:24-28), experience national regeneration (Jer 31:34), have God’s law written on their hearts (Ezek 36:26-27), and see the Davidic kingdom fully established with Christ reigning as King (Jer 33:15-17). This perspective maintains the essential dispensational distinction between Israel and the church, affirming that God’s unconditional promises to Israel remain intact and will be fulfilled in the future. Fruchtenbaum notes:

“The Church is related to the New Covenant only insofar as receiving the spiritual benefits of the Covenant (salvation benefit), but the Church is not fulfilling it. The Church has become a partaker of Jewish spiritual blessings, but the Church is not a taker-over of the Jewish covenants. The Church partakes of the spiritual blessings and promises, but not the material or physical promises or blessings.”^[7]

For the church today, Christ’s inauguration of the New Covenant means we share in its spiritual blessings, such as forgiveness of sins, and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, but without nullifying God’s future plan for Israel. This distinction is critical. God’s faithfulness to His unconditional covenants with Israel guarantees that He will also fulfill His promises to the church. Failure to distinguish between Israel and the church leads to serious doctrinal confusion, including the false doctrine of replacement theology. By maintaining this biblical separation, believers gain clarity regarding God’s eschatological timeline and the future fulfillment of all covenantal promises during the millennial reign of Christ, when Israel’s national restoration will occur, and the Messianic Kingdom will be established.

Dr. Steven R. Cook

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Jewish Epistles: Hebrews, James, First Peter, Second Peter, Jude, 1st ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 2005), 133.

^[2] Tom Constable, Tom Constable’s Expository Notes on the Bible (Galaxie Software, 2003), Matt 26:28.

^[3] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology, Rev. ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1994), 359.

^[4] Renald E. Showers, There Really Is a Difference!: A Comparison of Covenant and Dispensational Theology (Bellmawr, NJ: The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc., 1990), 107.

^[5] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology, 364.

^[6] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Jewish Epistles, 183.

^[7] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology, 636.

The Judgment Seat of Christ

Posted on December 26, 2024 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

There is a difference between the Great White Throne Judgment (Rev 20:15-20) and the Judgment Seat of Christ (2 Cor 5:10; Rom 14:10). The Great White Throne Judgment is for unbelievers only and concerns their eternal condemnation based on their deeds. It results in their final separation from God in the lake of fire. No believer will be at the Great White Throne Judgment. The Judgment Seat of Christ, on the other hand, is for believers in Jesus Christ and concerns their rewards for faithfulness and service. It does not determine salvation, as all participants are already saved eternally (John 3:16; 10:28; Rom 6:23).

The Judgment 2 The Judgment Seat of Christ evaluation will take place in heaven and Jesus Himself will be the Judge. Scripture tells us, “For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may be recompensed for his deeds in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad” (2 Cor 5:10; cf. Rom 14:10). Again, this is not a judgment concerning who gets into heaven. That decision is made in time by those who believe in Christ as their Savior, for “whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life” (John 3:16), and the person who believes in Christ “has eternal life, and does not come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life” (John 5:24), and “there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus” (Rom 8:1).

The evaluation mentioned in 2 Corinthians 5:10 pertains to our being “recompensed” for how we lived, “whether good or bad.” The production of life for those who live as God intends will be classified as “gold, silver, and precious stones” (1 Cor 3:12a), and the production of those who live sinfully will be classified as “wood, hay, and straw” (1 Cor 3:12). The composition of material will be evaluated by fire, and “the fire itself will test the quality of each man’s work” (1 Cor 3:13). There will be two possible outcomes for Christians at this time. First, “If any man’s work which he has built on it remains, he will receive a reward” (1 Cor 3:14). That is, God will bless that Christian with rewards to be enjoyed for all eternity. Second, “If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss of reward” (1 Cor 3:15a). But even though this Christian did not live optimally for God’s glory and edification of others, thus wasting his life on earth, he will still be in heaven because of the work of Christ that was applied to his life, and the eternal outcome is that “he himself will be saved, yet so as through fire” (1 Cor 3:15b).

Eternal salvation is based solely on the work of Christ and is received by grace alone (Eph 2:8-9), through faith alone (Rom 3:28; Gal 3:26), in Christ alone (John 3:16; 14:6; Acts 4:12). Eternal life is a free gift from God, with no strings attached, offered to all who simply believe in Christ as Savior. Scripture declares, “The free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Rom 6:23). All who receive this gift will spend eternity in heaven. Once you receive God’s free gift of eternal life, you can then begin the spiritual journey of walking with Him and accruing rewards in heaven.

How to Maximize Rewards in Heaven

A Man Praying 6 That some Christians will be rewarded in heaven more than others means they possessed positive volition and made many good choices to know and walk with God, seeking His will above their own. The humble and maturing Christian is devoted to studying God’s Word (2 Tim 2:15; 3:16-17; 1 Pet 2:2), being filled with the Spirit (Eph 5:18), walking by means of the Spirit (Gal 5:16), living by faith (2 Cor 5:7; Heb 10:38), advancing to spiritual maturity (Heb 6:1), walking in love (Eph 5:2), doing good to others (Gal 6:10), being kind and forgiving (Eph 4:32), serving others spiritually (Phil 2:3-4; 1 Pet 4:10), and living “to the glory of God” (1 Cor 10:31). Such a life will glorify God in time and eternity and He will reward His faithful servant in the eternal state.

We should realize that Christians are not perfect this side of heaven. There are no sinless Christians. There never has been and never will be. If God were to say, “Let the sinless Christians serve Me,” there would be no one qualified. All Christians will commit sin, for “there is not a righteous man on earth who continually does good and who never sins” (Eccl 7:20; cf., 1 John 1:8, 10). To be clear, it is never the will of God that His children sin (1 John 2:1). Never. But when Christians sin (and they will), it is always God’s will that they humble themselves, accept responsibility for sins (Psa 32:3-5), confess them directly to Him to be forgiven (1 John 1:9), and then resume their spiritual walk of faith (2 Cor 5:7; Heb 10:38).

Sadly, it is possible for Christians to live carnally (1 Cor 3:1-3), commit every sin possible (Gal 5:19-21), and to live their entire lives as sinfully as unbelievers. These are arrogant Christians whom God will discipline for their sinfulness (Heb 12:6), which discipline can be severe (1 Cor 11:30), eventuate in the death penalty (1 John 5:16), and result in the forfeiture of eternal rewards (1 Cor 3:10-15; 2 John 1:8). Some Christians will live this way, and God will deal with them as His children.

Let us not be foolish, carnal Christians who live sinfully and invite God’s discipline (1 Cor 3:1-3; Heb 12:6). Rather, let us be wise and spiritual Christians who seek God’s glory (1 Cor 10:31), learn His Word daily (Psa 1:2; 1 Pet 2:2), walk by faith (2 Cor 5:7), and serve others in love for their edification and wellbeing (1 Pet 4:10). Such a life will be honored by the Lord when we stand before His judgment seat to be evaluated and rewarded for a good life. Yes. Let us be those Christians who live wisely and walk with the Lord.

A Woman Studying the Bible 3 In conclusion, the evaluation at the judgment seat of Christ underscores the importance of living a life that honors God, one that reflects positive volition, spiritual growth, and a commitment to His will. While all Christians are secure in their salvation through faith in Christ alone (John 3:16; 10:28; Rom 8:1), the rewards they receive will be determined by their faithfulness in walking with God (2 Cor 5:7), studying His Word (2 Tim 3:16-17; 1 Pet 2:2), and serving others in love (1 Pet 4:10). As we anticipate this evaluation, let us strive to be those who live wisely (Eph 5:15-17), walking by faith and seeking to glorify God in all things (1 Cor 10:31). In doing so, we will be rewarded for our devotion and service to Christ (2 Cor 5:10). Let us, therefore, live each day in light of eternity, with our eyes fixed on the prize that awaits those who faithfully follow Christ.

Dr. Steven R. Cook

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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When Jesus was Forsaken by the Father

Posted on July 9, 2024 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Introduction

The main point of this article is that Jesus, in His humanity, experienced a judicial separation from God the Father for three hours while bearing the punishment for our sins on the cross. Jesus’ judicial separation from the Father was necessary for Him to atone for humanity’s sins.

Jesus Bore our Sins on the Cross

Jesus Crucified The Bible teaches that sin creates a separation between God and people. Isaiah wrote, “Your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, and your sins have hidden His face from you so that He does not hear” (Isa 59:2). When Jesus died on the cross, He took all our sins upon Himself and died in our place. Scripture states, “The LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all” (Isa 53:6) and “He will bear their iniquities” (Isa 53:11). Additionally, Jesus gave “His life a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45), “Christ died for us” (Rom 5:8), was “an offering for sin…in the flesh” (Rom 8:3), “Christ died for our sins” (1 Cor 15:3), was made “to be sin on our behalf” (2 Cor 5:21), “tasted death for everyone” (Heb 2:9), was “offered once to bear the sins of many” (Heb 9:28), “bore our sins in His body on the cross” (1 Pet 2:24), and “Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust” (1 Pet 3:18).

Jesus bore our sins without being contaminated by them due to His unique nature as the theanthropic person. As both fully God and fully man, Jesus’ divine nature was incorruptible and could not be tainted by sin, while His humanity was perfectly sinless and in complete obedience to God the Father (John 1:1, 14; Col 2:9; Heb 4:15; 1 John 3:5). The Bible teaches that our sins were imputed to Jesus, meaning they were legally credited to His account without making Him a sinner in essence (2 Cor 5:21). He bore the penalty and punishment for our sins as our substitute, fulfilling His role as the sacrificial lamb (John 1:29; 1 Pet 1:18-19). This act satisfied God’s justice while preserving Jesus’ purity. Theologically, God’s justice required a payment for sin, which Jesus provided in His mercy without becoming inherently sinful. This concept is rooted in Old Testament sacrificial practices, where an unblemished lamb would bear the sins of the people symbolically. Jesus perfectly fulfilled this typology as the ultimate, spotless Lamb of God (Heb 9:12-14). Thus, through imputation and substitutionary atonement, Jesus took the punishment for our sins while remaining the sinless and spotless Lamb of God.

Jesus was Forsaken on the Cross

While Jesus was bearing our sins on the cross, He was briefly separated from God the Father. This is reflected in His words, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matt 27:46). The word “forsaken” translates the Greek verb egkataleipō (ἐγκαταλείπω), which, according to BDAG, means “to separate connection with someone or something; forsake, abandon, desert.”^[1] The same Greek word is used elsewhere to describe the literal separation of one person from another (2 Tim 4:10, 16). When Jesus used the word “forsaken,” He was referring to the Father’s judicial separation from Him while He was bearing the punishment for our sins.

In the context of Matthew 27:46, Jesus’ use of egkataleipō (aorist, active, indicative) underscores the fact of His experience on the cross. The aorist tense emphasizes that the forsaking was a specific, singular event in time. This was a definitive historical act, occurring during the hours Jesus hung on the cross. The active voice indicates that God the Father was the one who actively forsook Jesus, underscoring that this was a deliberate judicial decision rather than a passive occurrence. The indicative mood confirms that this forsaking was an actual historical event, a factual separation that Jesus experienced. This was not merely an expression of feeling but a declaration of reality.

Looking to the Cross 5 Theologically, this judicial separation signifies that Jesus, in His humanity, bore the full weight of God’s wrath for sin. The forsaking was part of the punishment that was due for humanity’s sins, which Jesus took upon Himself. This highlights the substitutionary nature of Jesus’ death (Isa 53:6, 10; Mark 10:45; Rom 5:8; 1 Cor 15:3-4; 1 Pet 3:18): He was forsaken so that believers will never be forsaken, emphasizing the completeness of His atoning work. Furthermore, Jesus’ cry to the Father was drawn from Psalm 22:1, where David said, “”My God, my God, why have You forsaken me?” Whether one understands Psalm 22 as prophetic or Messianic, Allen Ross notes, “what is certain is that Jesus appropriated this psalm to himself in his greatest sufferings, and thereafter the evangelists and apostles saw the connections between the psalm and his passion.”^[2] In the context of Matthew’s Gospel, Jesus employed these words while being forsaken by the Father. According to Ross, “for Jesus to be abandoned to death by the Father in heaven meant that His death would accomplish our redemption. Or, to put it more precisely, because the Father ‘abandoned’ Him who died in our place, He will never abandon us who have come to faith in Him.”^[3]

These words, spoken from Jesus’ humanity (not His deity), indicate that He was alone while being judged by God the Father. This was a judicial act as Jesus bore our sins. John Walvoord states, “God the Father had to turn away as Jesus bore the curse and identified Himself with the sins of the whole world.”^[4] William MacDonald states, “Because God is holy, He cannot overlook sin…When God, as Judge, looked down and saw our sins upon the sinless Substitute, He withdrew from the Son of His love.”^[5] Since Jesus actually bore our sins, it follows that He experienced the same kind death we face: separation from God. Warren Wiersbe states, “It was during the time of darkness that Jesus had been made sin for us (2 Cor 5:21). He had been forsaken by the Father! That darkness was a symbol of the judgment that He endured when He was ‘made a curse’ for us (Gal. 3:13).”^[6]

Some might argue that Jesus was not actually forsaken but only felt that way while on the cross. Jesus certainly felt forsaken because He was forsaken. Jesus’ feelings agreed with the facts of the situation. And He knew exactly why He was forsaken: He was being judged for our sins “to give His life a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45). D. A. Carson states, “It is better to take the words at face value: Jesus is conscious of being abandoned by his Father.”^[7] Jesus’ words must be understood as coming from His humanity and not His deity, for there can be no separation within the Trinity itself. Such a thing is not possible. According to Charles Ryrie, “In that work He had to be forsaken by God, and yet at the same time there was no splitting up of the trinity.”^[8] Jesus’ separation from the Father was a judicial act, not one that broke the essence of the trinity.

The abandonment of Jesus in His humanity was temporary. It was only for the three hours as He was bearing our sins on the cross that He experienced judicial separation from God the Father. Previously, Jesus had told His disciples, “I go to the Father” (John 14:28; 16:10, 17), which meant He knew the work on the cross was temporary. And after He’d paid the full price for our sins, He said, “It is finished” (John 19:30a). This meant the temporary suffering of Christ was over, and the payment for our sins had been paid in full. Then, being fully restored to His Father, Jesus said, “Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit” (Luke 23:46). Then Jesus died physically, when “He bowed His head and gave up His spirit” (John 19:30). Afterwards, His body was placed in a grave, and He was resurrected three days later and seen alive by many (1 Cor 15:3-8). Jesus conquered sin and death by means of His death and resurrection.

Summary

Scripture reveals Jesus experienced a judicial separation from God the Father for three hours while bearing the punishment for our sins on the cross. This separation was necessary for Jesus to bear our sins sacrificially, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies and typologies that emphasized the need for a sinless substitute to take on the sins of others. Despite bearing our sins, Jesus remained sinless (2 Cor 5:21; Heb 4:15; 1 Pet 2:22; 1 John 3:5). His death on the cross, culminating in His cry “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matt 27:46), underscores the depth of His sacrifice and the fulfillment of God’s redemptive plan. Jesus’ resurrection three days later demonstrated His victory over sin and death, securing salvation for all who believe in Him. His forsakenness on the cross was a moment of divine judgment, reflecting God’s holiness and justice, yet also revealing His immense love and provision for humanity’s reconciliation with Him (Rom 5:8; 1 Pet 3:18).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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—

^[1] William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 273.

^[2] Allen P. Ross, A Commentary on the Psalms 1–89: Commentary, vol. 1, (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2011–2013), 527–528.

^[3] Ibid., 531.

^[4] John F. Walvoord, Matthew: Thy Kingdom Come (Galaxie Software, 2007), 235.

^[5] William MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments, ed. Arthur Farstad (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1995), 1309.

^[6] Warren W. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 1 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1996), 103.

^[7] D. A. Carson, “Matthew,” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, vol. 8 (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), 579.

^[8] Charles C. Ryrie, Biblical Theology of the New Testament (Dubuque, IA: ECS Ministries, 2005), 63.

Jesus’ Return with His Saints

Posted on November 19, 2023 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Jesus Coming with His Saints When Jesus returns to the earth after the time of the seven year Tribulation, He will establish His kingdom on earth.[1] This is a time when humanity will be saved from the tyranny of Satan who currently rules over the earth.[2] At His Second Coming, it is written, “And the armies which are in heaven, clothed in fine linen, white and clean, were following Him on white horses” (Rev 19:14). Concerning this passage, Radmacher states, “The armies in heaven may be angelic hosts (Rev 5:11; Matt 26:53), but Revelation 17:14 speaks of those with the Lord at His coming as being ‘called, chosen, and faithful,’ all terms for believers (Rom 1:7; Eph 1:1; 1 Pet 2:9).”^[3] Wiersbe adds, “Certainly the angels are a part of this army (Matt 25:31; 2 Th 1:7); but so are the saints (1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 1:10).”^[4] Norman Geisler states:

“Before the Tribulation, Christ comes for His bride (1 Th 4:16–17; John 14:3); then, at the end of the Tribulation, He will return with all His saints. Jude wrote, “See, the Lord is coming with thousands upon thousands of his holy ones” (Jude 1:14; cf., Matt 24:29–31). He cannot come with them until He has first come for them; we have identified the time interval between these events as seven years.”^[5]

Wayne House comments:

“It is important to remember that when we say “the second coming” of Christ, we are not talking about the rapture that occurs prior to the second coming. The rapture is most clearly presented in 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18. It is characterized in the Bible as a “translation coming” (1 Cor 15:51–52; 1 Th 4:15–17) in which Christ comes for His church. The second advent is Christ returning with His saints, descending from heaven to establish His earthly kingdom (Zech 14:4–5; Matt 24:27–31).”^[6]

At His Second Coming, Jesus will put down all rebellion, both human and satanic. The two main leaders of the world, the Antichrist and his false prophet, will be defeated and “thrown alive into the lake of fire which burns with brimstone” (Rev 19:20). Furthermore, those people who followed Antichrist “were killed with the sword which came from the mouth of Him who sat on the horse, and all the birds were filled with their flesh” (Rev 19:21). Afterwards, the Lord will send one of His angels to arrest and imprison Satan (Rev 20:1-3). John wrote about this angel, saying, “And he laid hold of the dragon, the serpent of old, who is the devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years; and he threw him into the abyss, and shut it and sealed it over him, so that he would not deceive the nations any longer” (Rev 20:2-3a). This will be a time of global deliverance from evil as Messiah reigns over all the earth in perfect righteousness.

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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[1] The subject of Messiah’s earthly kingdom is found throughout the OT (Dan 2:44; 7:13-14; 2 Sam 7:16; Psa 89:3-4, 34-37; Isa 9:6-7; Jer 23:5-6) and the NT (Matt 6:9-10; 19:28; 25:31; Luke 1:31-33; Rev 19:11-16; Rev 20:4-6).

[2] Three times Jesus referred to Satan as “the ruler of this world” (John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11). Other passages of Scripture call Satan “the god of this world” (2 Cor 4:4), and “the prince of the power of the air” (Eph 2:2), informing us “that the whole world lies in the power of the evil one” (1 John 5:19). Satan rules as a tyrant who has “weakened the nations” (Isa 14:12), and currently “deceives the whole world” (Rev 12:9). Satan continues to attack God’s people today (1 Pet 5:8), practices deception (2 Cor 11:13-15), and has well developed strategies of warfare (Eph 6:10-12). Furthermore, humanity is living in an “evil age” (Gal 1:4), under “the dominion of Satan” (Acts 26:18), whose sphere of influence is called “the domain of darkness” (Col 1:13).

^[3] Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, and H. Wayne House, Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Commentary (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1999), 1762.

^[4] Warren W. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1996), 618.

^[5] Norman L. Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), 618–619.

^[6] H. Wayne House and Timothy J. Demy, Answers to Common Questions about Jesus (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2011), 75–76.

Jesus’ Return for His Saints

Posted on November 17, 2023 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Jesus Coming for His Saints The eschatological subject of the Rapture of the church can be related the study of Soteriology because it is regarded as a form of deliverance. When Messiah returns at the end of the church age, He will deliver His church from an evil world and a coming judgment that will last for seven years (Read Revelation chapters 6-18). A distinction is here drawn between Jesus coming for His saints at the Rapture, and Jesus coming with His saints at His Second Coming (Dan 7:13-14; Matt 19:28; 25:31; Rev 19:11-21). Jesus is now in heaven preparing a place for believers to be with Him there (John 14:1-3). Paul revealed Jesus will return for His church and that all Christians will be “caught up” to meet the Lord in the air (1 Th 4:13-18).

The doctrine of the Rapture was first presented by the Lord Jesus when He provided new information to His apostles on the night before His crucifixion. After speaking of His soon departure (John 13:33), Jesus comforted them, saying, “Let not your heart be troubled; believe in God, believe also in Me. In My Father’s house are many dwelling places; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you to Myself; that where I am, there you may be also” (John 14:1-3). The place where Jesus was going was heaven. The purpose of His going was to prepare a place for them. And, at some unspecified time, Jesus promised He would come again to receive them to Himself, that they may be with Him.

Paul described this as a time when “we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. For this perishable must put on the imperishable, and this mortal must put on immortality” (1 Cor 15:51-53). And, when writing to the church at Thessalonica, Paul explained, “the dead in Christ shall rise first. Then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and thus we shall always be with the Lord” (1 Th 4:16b-17). According to BDAG, the meaning of caught up (ἁρπάζω) is “to grab or seize suddenly so as to remove or gain control, snatch/take away.”^[1] John Walvoord states, “The important point is that the verse says Christ will come for believers and take them from the earth to heaven, where they will be in His presence till they return with Him to the earth to reign. The Rapture will mean that all believers ‘will be with the Lord forever,’ enjoying Him and His presence for all eternity.”^[2]

As Christians, we are “looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus” (Tit 2:13). This Rapture is immanent, meaning it may occur at any time and without prior notice. All Christians who are alive at the time of the Rapture will be caught up to meet the Lord in the air, will go with Him to heaven, and be saved from the wrath to be poured out during the seven-year Tribulation. Our future is not one of judgment; rather, we are assured we will be saved from God’s future wrath, both in time and eternity (Rom 5:9; 1 Thess 1:10; 5:9; Rev 3:10).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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^[1] William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 134.

^[2] John Walvoord, eds. Charles R. Swindoll and Roy B. Zuck, Understanding Christian Theology (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 1265.

God Loves Israel

Posted on January 15, 2023 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Israel Flag Israel is a special nation that was created by God Himself. The Lord said of Israel, “I am the LORD, your Holy One, the Creator of Israel, your King” (Isa 43:15). This makes Israel unique among all the nations of the world! He even calls Israel, “My glory” (Isa 46:13). And God loves Israel, declaring, “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore I have drawn you with lovingkindness” (Jer 31:3). God is eternal, and His love is eternal, which means it never fades for His people, Israel. To possess the love of God is to love that which He loves. One cannot claim to have God’s love, and simultaneously hate Israel, His chosen people. There is no place for anti-Semitism in the heart of anyone, especially the Christian! According to Lewis S. Chafer, “When the Christian loves with a divine compassion he will acknowledge what God loves. Therefore, he too must love Israel.”^[1]

To love the people of Israel is not a blanket endorsement of all their beliefs and behaviors. God, who loves Israel and chose them to be His people (Deut 7:6-8), also called them to be holy (Ex 19:5-6; Lev 11:45), and to live righteously (Deut 6:24-25). Under the Mosaic Law, God blessings and curses for them were conditioned on their obedience or disobedience (Deut 11:26-28; 28:1-68). For much of Israel’s history, we know they failed to walk with God, sometimes rejecting His love for them and walking in the ways of the world (see 2 Ch 36:15-16; Jer 7:25-26; 25:4-7). The national rejection and crucifixion of Jesus (Matt 27:22-23; Acts 2:22-23; 4:27-28), Israel’s promised Messiah (Deut 18:15; Isa 7:14; 9:6-7; 53; 61:1; Matt 1:1, 17; Luke 1:31-33), is their greatest historical failure.[2] Did Israel act alone in crucifying Jesus, their Messiah? No! God foretold Israel’s Messiah would suffer and die (Psa 22:11-18; Isa 53); and, according to His sovereignty, He used wicked men, both Jews and Gentiles, to accomplish His will (Acts 22:22-23; 4:27-28). Lewis Sperry Chafer wrote:

If it be inquired, as constantly it is, who put Christ to death? It may be pointed out that He was offered by the Father (Psa 22:15; John 3:16; Rom 3:25), of His own free will (John 10:17; Heb 7:27; 9:14; 10:12), by the Spirit (Heb 9:14), and by men—Herod, Pilate, the Gentiles, and Israel (Acts 2:23; 4:27). To this may be added that part of His death was contributed by Satan (cf. Gen 3:15).[3]

God, who loves Israel with an everlasting love, continues to keep His Word to them. Israel has a future hope because of the promises and covenants God made through the patriarchs and prophets (Gen 12:1-3; 15:18; 17:8; Deut 30:1-10; 2 Sam 7:16; Psa 89:33-37; Jer 31:31-33). Though unbelieving Israel is currently under divine discipline (Matt 23:37-39), God’s covenants and promises are still in effect (Rom 9:1-5), and will remain in force until Jesus returns and is accepted as their Messiah.

Furthermore, it is wrong to think the church has replaced Israel, for “God has not rejected His people whom He foreknew” (Rom 11:2), even though there is a “partial hardening” among them until Messiah returns (Rom 11:25-27). Until then, unbelieving Israel is under spiritual darkness and divine judgment. The apostle Paul—a biological Jew himself—revealed that God’s promises and covenants are still valid for Israel, and wished all would come to faith in Christ. Paul said:

I am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit, that I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart [for unbelieving Israelites]. For I could wish that I myself were accursed, separated from Christ for the sake of my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh [to whom Paul is related biologically], who are Israelites, to whom belongs the adoption as sons, and the glory and the covenants and the giving of the Law and the temple service and the promises, whose are the fathers, and from whom is the Christ according to the flesh [i.e. Messiah], who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen. (Rom 9:1-5)

Today, Jews and Gentiles alike become partakers of the church, the body of Christ (Eph 1:22-23; cf. 1 Cor 10:32), when they believe in Jesus as their Savior (Gal 3:26-28). These believe the gospel message, that “Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures” (1 Cor 15:3-4). Christians are looking forward to the rapture of the church, in which He will catch us away (ἁρπάζω harpazo – to seize, catch up, snatch away) to heaven (1 Th 4:13-17). Until God resumes His prophetic plans for Israel, Christian are called to love them, pray for them, and share the gospel of grace that they may turn to Jesus as the Messiah and be saved (Rom 1:16; 1 Cor 1:18-24; 15:3-4).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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^[1] Lewis S. Chafer, “Israel” in Systematic Theology, Vol. 7 (Grand Rapids, MI., Kregel Publications, 1993), 206.

[2] Even Jesus, at the time He was pronouncing judgment upon the nation because of their rejection of Him, still had great affection for them, saying, “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were unwilling” (Matt 23:37). There is great tenderness in the heart of Jesus for His people.

[3] Lewis S. Chafer, “Christology” in Systematic Theology, Vol. 7 (Grand Rapids, MI., Kregel Publications, 1993), 80.

The Seven Year Tribulation

Posted on October 17, 2020 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

There is coming a future time of tribulation upon the earth. Its severity is without historical precedent. Concerning this time, the angel, Gabriel, told Daniel, that it “will be a time of distress such as never occurred since there was a nation until that time” (Dan 12:1a). This time of tribulation is in keeping with unfulfilled prophecy given to Daniel that pertains to Israel (Dan 9:24-27). It is during this time that God’s wrath will be poured out upon the world—specifically those who are hostile to Him and His people. A brief walkthrough of Daniel’s prophecy is as follows.

Seventy weeks [i.e. 490 years] have been decreed for your people [Israel] and your holy city [Jerusalem], to finish the transgression, to make an end of sin, to make atonement for iniquity [fulfilled by Christ as His first coming], to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy place [to be fulfilled by Christ at His second coming]. ²⁵ So you are to know and discern that from the issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem [fulfilled by Artaxerxes Longimanus on March 5, 444 BC; see Neh 2:1-8] until Messiah the Prince there will be seven weeks [the 49 years to rebuild the city of Jerusalem] and sixty-two weeks [434 years]; it will be built again, with plaza and moat, even in times of distress. ²⁶ Then after the sixty-two weeks [49 years + 434 years = 483 years] the Messiah will be cut off and have nothing [March 30, AD 33 = Triumphal entry into Jerusalem], and the people of the prince who is to come [i.e. Romans] will destroy the city and the sanctuary [August, AD 70]. And its end will come with a flood; even to the end there will be war; desolations are determined [Josephus documented that 1,100,000 Jews were killed]. ²⁷ And he [he = the prince who is to come = Antichrist] will make a firm covenant with the many [many = unbelieving Israel] for one week [seven years], but in the middle of the week [3 ½ years] he will put a stop to sacrifice and grain offering [at the third Jewish temple, yet to be constructed]; and on the wing of abominations will come one who makes desolate, even until a complete destruction, one that is decreed, is poured out on the one who makes desolate [see Matt 24:15]. (Dan 9:24-27)

The present period from the day of Pentecost until the Rapture of the church is the time between the sixty-ninth and seventieth-seven. The seventieth-seven will be a time for the fulfillment of prophecy pertaining to Israel. The seven-year tribulation precedes the second coming of Jesus who is prophesied to set up His kingdom on earth (2 Sam 7:16; Psa 89:3-4; 34-37; Dan 7:13-14; Luke 1:30-33; 22:28-30; Acts 1:3-6; Rev 20:4-6). The whole seven years is called a time of “tribulation” (Matt 24:9); however, the last three and half years are called the “great tribulation” (Matt 24:21; cf. Rev 7:14). Isaiah called it “the day of the Lord” (Isa 13:6-13; cf. Joel 2:1-2; Amos 5:18-20), and Jeremiah called it “the time of Jacob’s distress” (Jer 30:7). The angel, Gabriel, revealed to Daniel that it will be “a time of distress such as never occurred since there was a nation until that time” (Dan 12:1). The tribulation is the period in which God destroys the rebellion of: 1) Satan and his angels, 2) and unbelieving Israel and Gentiles. At the close of the tribulation, Satan will be defeated and bound for a thousand years (Rev 12:7-9; 20:1-3), the Antichrist and his false prophet are cast into the Lake of Fire (Rev 19:20), and all unbelievers are destroyed in judgment (Rev 19:19-21; cf. Matt 24:37-41), leaving only believing Jews and Gentiles to enter His kingdom on earth (Matt 25:31-46). In all the judgments, God is righteous and just, whereas men are wicked and “deserve” wrath (Rev 16:5-7; cf. 19:2). There is a dominant motif in all of Scripture which reveals “God is opposed to the proud, but gives grace to the humble” (1 Pet 5:5; cf. Jam 4:6). This is certainly true during the seven-year tribulation. God opposes those who:

Try to hide and flee from Him (Rev 6:15-16)
Seek death rather than conform to His will (Rev 9:6)
Do not repent of their rebellion (Rev 9:20-21)
Rejoice and celebrate at the death of His servants (Rev 11:7-10)
Side with the Satan (Rev 13:3-4)
Blaspheme and curse God’s name (Rev 16:8-9, 11, 21)
Make war with Jesus Christ (Rev 19:19)

God’s grace is witnessed toward:

The 144,000 Jews He saves and calls to service (Rev 7:4-8).
The many who have been saved during the tribulation (Rev 7:9-17).
His two prophetic witnesses whom He resurrects (Rev 11:11-12).
The nations to whom He sends His gospel message (Rev 14:6-7).
Those who enter into His kingdom after the Tribulation (Rev 20:4-6).

Burning World The seven-year tribulation is part of God’s future history upon the world. It is the time period in which He pours out judgment upon the world because of wickedness. In all His actions He is sovereign and just. According to His sovereignty, “our God is in the heavens; He does whatever He pleases” (Psa 115:3; cf. 135:6), for “All the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing, but He does according to His will in the host of heaven and among the inhabitants of earth; and no one can ward off His hand or say to Him, ‘What have You done?’” (Dan 4:35). Of God’s judgments, the holy angels declare, “Righteous are You, who are and who were, O Holy One, because You judged these things; for they [wicked unbelievers] poured out the blood of saints and prophets, and You have given them blood to drink. They deserve it” (Rev 16:5-6). And the martyred saints agree, saying, “Yes, O Lord God, the Almighty, true and righteous are Your judgments” (Rev 16:7).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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The Rapture of the Church

Posted on October 3, 2020 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The Bible reveals Jesus will return to earth; however, a distinction must be drawn between Jesus coming for His saints at the Rapture (John 14:1-3; 1 Cor 15:51-53; 1 Thess 4:13-18; 2 Thess 2:1-3a; Tit 2:13), and Jesus coming with His saints at His Second Coming to reign for a thousand years (Dan 7:13-14; Matt 19:28; 25:31; Rev 19:11-21). There are basically six views on the rapture of the church which are held by Bible scholars.

Pre-Tribulation Rapture: The church is taken out of the world before the Tribulation begins (this author’s view).
Partial Rapture: Only believers who faithfully watch for the Lord’s return will be raptured out of the world before the Tribulation.
Mid-Tribulation Rapture: The church is taken out of the world in the middle of the Tribulation.
Pre-Wrath Rapture: The church is taken out of the world before God’s wrath is greatest, just before Christ returns to establish His earthly kingdom.
Post-Tribulation Rapture: The church is raptured up as Christ is returning to earth at His Second Coming.
No Rapture: Amillennialists conflate the rapture with the Second Coming, teaching that believers meet Christ in the air and immediately return with Him to judge the world and establish the eternal state.

Paul explained to the church at Corinth that the changing of our bodies at the Lord’s return was a mystery. Paul said, “Behold, I tell you a mystery; we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. For this perishable must put on the imperishable, and this mortal must put on immortality” (1 Cor 15:51-53). The word mystery translates the Greek word μυστήριον musterion, which means “the unmanifested or private counsel of God, (God’s) secret, the secret thoughts, plans, and dispensations of God.”^[1] A mystery was something “which has been hidden from the past ages and generations, but has now been manifested to His saints” (Col 1:26). What Paul revealed for the first time—not found in the OT—pertained to the physical transformation that occurs at the Rapture, that our mortal bodies will be transformed into immortal ones.

Paul described a time in which Christians will be raptured out of the world and taken to heaven. He explained, “the dead in Christ shall rise first [i.e. be resurrected]. Then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up [ἁρπάζω harpazo] together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and thus we shall always be with the Lord” (1 Thess 4:16b-17). The meaning of ἁρπάζω harpazo is “to grab or seize suddenly so as to remove or gain control, snatch/take away.”^[2] The form of the Greek verb is passive, which means the Christian will offer no resistance when the Lord removes His church in a moment, without notice, and by force. Ryrie states:

The Latin translation of this verse used the word rapturo. The Greek word it translates is harpazō, which means to snatch or take away. Elsewhere it is used to describe how the Spirit caught up Philip near Gaza and brought him to Caesarea (Acts 8:39) and to describe Paul’s experience of being caught up into the third heaven (2 Cor 12:2–4). Thus, there can be no doubt that the word is used in 1 Thessalonians 4:17 to indicate the actual removal of people from earth to heaven.^[3]

John Walvoord adds:

Some have asserted that the Rapture is not a biblical doctrine because, they argue, the word Rapture is not mentioned in the English Bible. However, the word Rapture comes from the words “caught up” in 1 Thessalonians 4:17. This verse could be translated, “Then we who are alive and remain shall be raptured together with them in the clouds.” The important point is that the verse says Christ will come for believers and take them from the earth to heaven, where they will be in His presence till they return with Him to the earth to reign. The Rapture will mean that all believers “will be with the Lord forever,” enjoying Him and His presence for all eternity.^[4]

Paul reaffirmed his teaching of the Rapture in his second letter to the church at Thessalonica. Apparently, someone had upset the Christians living in Thessalonica by writing a false letter, as if from Paul, that the Rapture had already occurred and their suffering was a result of entering into the time of the Tribulation. Paul said, “Now we request you, brethren, with regard to the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our gathering together to Him [at the Rapture], that you not be quickly shaken from your composure or be disturbed either by a spirit or a message or a letter as if from us [i.e. a false letter], to the effect that the day of the Lord has come [day of the Lord = seven year Tribulation]” (2 Thess 2:1-2). Paul explained the Rapture could not have occurred yet, saying, “for it will not come unless the apostasy comes first” (2 Thess 2:3a). The word apostasy translates the Greek word ἀποστασία apostasia, which is believed by the majority of scholars today to refer to a special end-time rebellion against biblical teaching. Though this departure from God’s Word will happen in the days leading up to the Rapture (1 Tim 4:1-3; 2 Tim 3:1-5; 4:3-4; 2 Pet 3:3-6), it is argued—quit convincingly—by some Bible scholars that the word ἀποστασία apostasia is better understood as referring to the physical departure of the church at the time of the Rapture.[5] Dr. Thomas Ice states:

I believe that there is a strong possibility that 2 Thessalonians 2:3 is speaking of the rapture. What do I mean? Some pretribulationists, like myself, think that the Greek noun apostasia, usually translated “apostasy,” is a reference to the rapture and should be translated “departure.” Thus, this passage would be saying that the day of the Lord will not come until the rapture comes before it. If apostasia is a reference to a physical departure, then 2 Thessalonians 2:3 is strong evidence for pretribulationism.[6]

The above passages, taken as a whole, argue convincingly that we are “looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus” (Tit 2:13). The appearing of Christ at the Rapture is what the Christian is looking for, since that is the next prophetic event to come. This Rapture is immanent, meaning it may occur at any time and without prior notice. All Christians who are alive at the time of the Rapture will be caught up to meet the Lord in the air, will go with Him to heaven, and be spared the wrath to be poured out during the seven-year Tribulation. Our future is not one of judgment; rather, we are assured we will be spared God’s future wrath, both in time and eternity (Rom 5:9; 1 Thess 1:10; 5:9; Rev 3:10).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

If this article has enriched your understanding and walk with Christ, and you feel led to support my ministry, your generosity is greatly appreciated. Your gifts enable me to continue sharing the gospel of grace and providing in-depth biblical teachings. Thank you for partnering with me in this mission.

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^[1] William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 662.

^[2] Ibid., 134.

^[3] Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 537.

^[4] John Walvoord, Understanding Christian Theology (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 1265.

[5] Among these are Dr. E. Schuyler English, Dr. J. Dwight Pentecost, Dr. Thomas Ice, Dr. Andy Woods, Dr. Paul Lee Tan, Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum, Dr. Dave Olander, and others.

[6] Thomas Ice, “The Rapture in 2 Thessalonians 2:3″ (2009). Article Archives. 82.
https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/pretrib_arch/82.

A Brief Analysis of the Millennial Kingdom

Posted on April 15, 2018 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The Millennial Kingdom The Bible reveals two aspects of God’s rule over His creation. The first is His universal rule in which He sovereignly decrees whatsoever comes to pass and “works all things after the counsel of His will” (Eph. 1:11). There are times when God accomplishes His will immediately without the assistance of others (such as in the creation), and other times He chooses to work mediately through creatures, both intelligent (angels and people), and simple (Balaam’s donkey). Concerning God’s universal rule, Scripture reveals, “The LORD has established His throne in the heavens, and His sovereignty rules over all” (Ps. 103:19), and “Whatever the LORD pleases, He does, in heaven and in earth, in the seas and in all deeps” (Ps. 135:6). Daniel writes, “His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom endures from generation to generation. All the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing, but He does according to His will in the host of heaven and among the inhabitants of earth” (Dan 4:34b-35a; cf. 5:21; 1 Chron. 29:11-12).

The second is God’s earthly rule in which He governs through a human mediatorial administrator. The first account of such a rule is found in Genesis where the Lord assigned Adam and Eve to rule over the whole world (Gen. 1:26-28). Theirs was a mediatorial kingdom, which may be defined as “the rule of God through a divinely chosen representative who not only speaks and acts for God but also represents the people before God; a rule which has especial reference to the earth; and having as its mediatorial ruler one who is always a member of the human race.”[1] However, through an act of disobedience (Gen. 3:1-7), Adam and Eve forfeited their rulership to Satan, a fallen angelic creature, who rules through deception (2 Cor. 11:3, 14; Rev 12:9; 20:3, 8), blindness (2 Cor. 4:3-4), and enslavement (Acts 26:18; Col. 1:13). Since the fall of Adam and Eve, Satan has had dominion over this world and is called “the ruler of this world” (John 14:30; 16:1), “the prince of the power of the air” (Eph. 2:2), and “the god of this world” (2 Cor. 4:4). When tempting Jesus, Satan offered Him “the kingdoms of the world” (Matt. 4:8-9), and they were his to give. However, the Bible also reveals that Satan has been judged (Gen. 3:15; John 16:11), and in the future will be cast out of heaven (Rev. 12:7-9), confined for a thousand years (Rev. 20:1-3), and eventually cast into the Lake of Fire forever (Rev. 20:10). It must always be remembered that God sovereignly permits Satan a limited form of rulership for a limited period of time, always restraining him and his demonic forces, if they seek to transgress the boundaries He’s established for them (Job. 1:6-12; 2:1-6; Mark 15:1-13; 2 Pet. 2:4).

Subsequent to Adam and Eve, God has worked to reestablish His kingdom on earth through the promises and covenants offered to Abraham (Gen. 12:1-3), the tribe of Judah (Gen. 49:10), the nation Israel (Ex. 19:5-6; Deut. 29:1-29; 30:1-10; Jer. 31:31-33), and king David (2 Sam. 7:16; Ps. 89:3-4, 34-37). When Jesus came, He repeatedly offered the earthly kingdom to Israel (Matt. 3:1-2; Matt. 4:17; 10:5-7), a literal kingdom they could physically enter into (Matt. 5:20; 6:10; Luke 19:11; Acts 1:3-6). But they rejected Him and His offer (Mark 15:12-15; John 19:15); therefore, the earthly kingdom was postponed for a future time (Matt. 21:43; cf. Matt. 19:28; 25:31; Luke 22:28-30; Acts 1:3-6; Rev. 20:4-6).

We are currently living in the church age, which will come to an end when the church is raptured to heaven (1 Thess. 4:13-18). Afterward, there will be a period of time known as the Tribulation, which will begin when the Antichrist signs a seven year peace treaty with Israel (Dan. 9:24-27; cf. Revelation chapters 6-18). The time of Tribulation will come to an end when Jesus returns to earth to put down rebellion (Rev. 19:11-21) and establish His kingdom (Matt. 25:31; Rev. 11:15; 20:1-6). After His second coming, Jesus will rule the whole earth, from Jerusalem, on the throne of David (2 Sam. 7:16; Ps. 89:3-4, 34-37; Jer. 23:5-6; 33:14-15; Dan. 2:44; 7:14, 27; Matt. 6:10; Luke 1:31-33; cf. Mark 11:9-10), He will rule absolutely with “a rod of iron” (Ps. 2:9; Rev. 19:15), and His reign will be marked by righteousness and peace on the earth (Isa. 11:1-9). Also, we know from Scripture that the earthly kingdom will last a thousand years (Rev. 20:1-6), and afterward will become an eternal kingdom (Dan. 2:44; 7:27; 1 Cor. 15:24). The word millennium is derived from the Latin words mille which means “thousand” and annum which means “year”. The word millennium translates the Greek word χίλιοι chilioi, which occurs six times in Revelation 20:1-6. The millennial kingdom will see Jesus seated on the throne of David, in Jerusalem, ruling over the world. He will rule the nations in righteousness, advocating for the poor and weak, as well as suppressing wickedness and rebellion (Isa. 9:6-7; 11:1-9; Jer. 23:5-6; 33:14-15). Satan will be bound during the reign of Christ (Rev. 20:1-3), and a new worship system will be implemented (see Ezekiel 40-46).

Steven R. Cook, D.Min.

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[1] Alva McClain, The Greatness of the Kingdom (Winona Lake, Ind. BMH Books, 2009), 41.

A Brief Analysis of Israel in History and Prophecy

Posted on April 15, 2018 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

The history of Israel starts with God who chose the nation to be His representatives from eternity past. Israel was created by God (Isa. 43:1, 15), and He loves them with an everlasting love (Jer. 31:1-3). God chose them because of who He is, not because of any greatness or goodness in them (Deut. 7:6-8). Israel began with a unilateral covenant which God made with Abraham, promising “I will make you a great nation” (Gen. 12:2). The Abrahamic covenant was later expanded with the Land Covenant (Deut. 29:1-29; 30:1-10), the Davidic Covenant (2 Sam. 7:16; Ps. 89:3-4, 34-37), and the New Covenant (Jer. 31:31-34). Though Abraham had children by different women (Sarah, Hagar, and Keturah), the Abrahamic promises were restated only through Isaac (Gen. 17:19-21) and Jacob (Gen. 28:10-15). Because of a crippling encounter with God, Jacob’s name was changed to Israel, which means “he who wrestles with God” (Gen. 32:24-30). The sons of Israel (i.e. Jacob) went into captivity in Egypt for four hundred years as God had foretold (Gen. 15:13), and remained there until He called them out through His servants Moses and Aaron (Ex. 3:1-10). God delivered Israel from Egyptian bondage through a series of ten plagues that destroyed Pharaoh and the nation (Exodus chapters 5-14). Then God entered into a bilateral covenant relationship with Israel at Mount Sinai (Ex. 19:1-8), and gave them 613 commands—which comprise the Mosaic Law—and these commands are commonly divided into moral, civil, and ceremonial codes. Under the Mosaic Law, Israel would know blessing if they obeyed God’s commands (Deut. 28:1-15), and cursing if they did not (Deut. 28:16-68). The nation of Israel remained in the wilderness for forty years while God tested and humbled them (Deut. 8:2-5). After Moses died, God brought the Israelites into the land of Canaan (i.e. the land promised to Abraham) under the leadership of Joshua (Deut. 31:23; Josh. 1:1-9), and there the land was divided, giving a portion to each of the descendants of Jacob. After Joshua died (Josh. 24:29-31), Israel repeatedly fell into idolatry and suffered divine discipline for their rebellion (read Judges). This went on for nearly 300 hundred years as Israel fell into a pattern of idolatry, after which God would send punishment, then the people would cry out to God, Who would relent of His judgment and send a judge to deliver them, then the people would serve God for a time, and then fall back into idolatry. The period of the Judges is marked by people who did not obey the Lord, but “did what was right in their own eyes” (Judg. 17:6; 21:25). Samuel was the last of Israel’s judges, and then the people cried for a king because they wanted to be like the other nations (1 Sam. 8:4-5). God gave them their request (1 Sam. 8:22), and Saul became the first king in Israel (1 Sam. 10:1). Though Saul started well, he quickly turned away from the Lord and would not obey God’s commands. Saul reigned for approximately 40 years and his leadership was basically a failure (1 Sam. 13:1; cf. Acts 13:21). Later, God raised up David to be king in Israel (1 Sam. 16:1-13), and David reigned for 40 years and was an ideal king who followed God and encouraged others to do the same (1 Ki. 2:10-11). God decreed David’s throne would be established forever through one of his descendants (2 Sam. 7:16; Ps. 89:3-4), and this is Jesus (Luke 1:31-33). Solomon reigned for 40 years after David (1 Ki. 2:12; 11:42-43), and though He was wise and did many good things (ruled well, built the temple, wrote Scripture, etc.), he eventually turned away from God and worshiped idols (1 Ki. 11:1-10), and the kingdom was divided afterward (1 Ki. 11:11-41). The nation was united under Saul, David, and Solomon.

Solomon’s son, Rehoboam, ruled over the two southern tribes (Judah) and Jeroboam ruled over the ten northern tribes (Israel). Israel—the northern kingdom—had 19 kings throughout its history and all were bad, as they led God’s people into idolatry (i.e. the “sins of Jeroboam” 1 Ki. 16:31; 2 Ki. 3:3; 10:31; 13:2). The ten northern tribes came under divine discipline because of their idolatry and were destroyed by the Assyrians in 722 B.C. Judah—the southern kingdom—had 20 kings throughout its history and 8 were good (some more than others), as they obeyed God and led others to do the same (they were committed to the Lord like David, 1 Ki. 15:11). However, Judah repeatedly fell into idolatry—as the 10 northern tribes had done—and were eventually destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 B.C. The dispersion of Israel was promised by God if they turned away from Him and served other gods (Deut. 28:63-68). Since the destruction by Babylon, Israel has been under Gentile dominance (Luke 21:24; Rom. 11:25). After a temporary regathering under Ezra and Nehemiah, Israel continued under Gentile dominance with the Medes & Persians, Greeks, and Romans. Because of their rejection of Jesus as Messiah, God disciplined Israel again in A.D. 70, and the Jews were scattered all over the world (Jam. 1:1; 1 Pet. 1:1). Israel’s current state is one of judgment (Matt. 23:37-39), and a “partial hardening” (Rom. 11:25).

Israel Present

For nearly 1900 years God has faithfully kept His word to disperse Israel because of their idolatry (Deut. 28:63-68) and their rejection of Jesus as Messiah (Matt. 23:37-39). Now, since 1948, Israelites are back in the Promised Land; even though the majority of them are atheists who reject God. This could be a fulfillment of prophecy in which God has regathered His people before the time of the judgment of the Tribulation (Ezek. 20:33-38; 22:17-22; Zeph. 2:1-2). Logically it makes sense that God will regather Israel as a nation (Ezek. 36:22-24) before He regenerates them and gives them a new heart (Ezek. 36:25-28). Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum argues two regatherings of Israel. The first is a regathering of Jews in unbelief, which sets the stage for the Tribulation. The second regathering is in belief, which prepares them for Messiah, who will rule over them during the millennium. Fruchtenbaum states:

First, there was to be a regathering in unbelief in preparation for judgment, namely the judgment of the Tribulation. This was to be followed by a second worldwide regathering in faith in preparation for blessings, namely the blessings of the messianic age. Once it is recognized that the Bible speaks of two such regatherings, it is easy to see how the present State of Israel fits into prophecy.^[1]

As Christians, we are glad to see Jews returning to the Promised Land and support the nation of Israel. This support is by no means a blanket endorsement of all Israel does, for the nation may behave immorally like any other nation. However, we recognize that God is working to set the stage for prophetic events, and that Israel being in the Promised Land is a part of that.

Israel Future

Israel has a future hope because of the promises and covenants God made through the patriarchs and prophets (Gen. 12:1-3; 13:15, 17; 15:18; 17:8; Deut. 29:1-29; 30:1-10; 2 Sam. 7:16; Ps. 89:33-37; Jer. 31:31-33). Though unbelieving Israel is currently under divine discipline (Matt. 23:37-39), and subject to a “partial hardening” (Rom. 11:25), God’s covenants and promises are still in effect (Rom. 9:1-5; 11:1), and will remain in force until Jesus returns and is accepted as their Messiah. Once Jesus returns, Israel will possess all of the land that was promised to them, and they will possess it forever.

Covenant theologians often argue that God has already fulfilled His promise to Abraham that his descendants would possess the land (see Josh. 21:43-45; 1 Ki. 4:21; Neh. 9:8). God was faithful to bring Abraham’s descendants into the Promised Land, and though they eventually came to control much of it under the reign of Solomon (1 Ki. 4:21-24), they did not possess it all, and this seems plain from other biblical passages where Israelites had to fight the old residents still in the land (Josh. 23:5-7; Judg. 1:21, 27-28). According to Fruchtenbaum, “The first chapter of Judges, recording events which took place after the death of Joshua (1:1), records how various tribes failed to take the land allotted to them (1:19, 21, 27, 29, 30, 31–32, 33, 34–36). Never in Old Testament history did Israel possess, dwell, and settle in all of the Promised Land. Nor did it ever happen in Jewish history since.”^[2] In fact, several of the prophets who lived after Solomon wrote about Israel’s future possession of the Promised Land (Isa. 14:1; 60:21; Jer. 30:3; Ezek. 11:17; 20:42; 37:12; Amos 9:14-15)

Furthermore, it was stated in Scripture that Abraham personally would possess the land, and that he and his descendants would possess it forever. Several times God said to Abraham, “For all the land which you see, I will give it to you [Abraham] and to your descendants forever” (Gen. 13:15), “Arise, walk about the land through its length and breadth; for I will give it to you [Abraham]” (Gen. 13:17), and “I will give to you [Abraham] and to your descendants after you, the land of your sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God” (Gen. 17:8). Yet, Abraham has never possessed the land that was promised to Him. In fact, Stephen makes this very point in his speech in Acts, where he says, “But He [God] gave him [Abraham] no inheritance in it [the land], not even a foot of ground, and yet, even when he had no child, He promised that He would give it to him as a possession, and to his descendants after him” (Acts 7:5).

During his lifetime, Abraham did not possess the land God promised to him. But God will keep His word to Abraham and his descendants. God will, in the future, through resurrections, give both Abraham and Israel possession of all the Promised Land, and they will possess it forever. In addition, Israel will benefit from all the blessings of the New Covenant which are stated in Scripture (Jer. 31:31-34). Lastly, the nation of Israel will be blessed when Jesus, the Jewish Messiah, will be seated on His throne in Jerusalem, ruling over them “forever” (2 Sam. 7:16; Ps. 89:3-4, 34-37; Luke 1:31-33; cf. Matt. 19:28; 25:31).

Both Covenant and Dispensational theologians agree that God made promises to Abraham of land, seed, and blessing (Gen. 12:1-3; 13:13-17; 15:17; 17:26; Deut. 29:1-29; 30:1-10; 2 Sam. 7:16; Ps. 89:33-37; Jer. 31:31-33). The difference lies in that Covenant theologians believe that God has fulfilled all those promises to Abraham, whereas Dispensationalists believe God will fulfill those promises in the future.

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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^[1] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology, Rev. ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1994), 716.

^[2] Ibid., 632.

God’s Righteousness in the Future

Posted on August 28, 2017 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

But according to His promise we are looking for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness dwells. (2 Pet. 3:13)

Righteousness God has a plan for the future and that plan involves His righteous rule over His people, both in time and eternity. Only a sovereign God Who possesses all the attributes of deity, such as omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, and so on, can work providentially in His creation to guarantee a future righteous rule. In one sense, God rules universally and eternally. He is always the sovereign Ruler of all His creation (Ps. 145:13; Jer. 10:10). Scripture reveals, “The LORD has established His throne in the heavens, and His sovereignty rules over all” (Ps. 103:19), and “Whatever the LORD pleases, He does, in heaven and in earth, in the seas and in all deeps” (Ps. 135:6). Daniel writes, “His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom endures from generation to generation. ³⁵ All the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing, but He does according to His will in the host of heaven and among the inhabitants of earth” (Dan 4:34b-35a). From Genesis to Revelation, God sovereignly governs the lives of people and nations. People exist because God gives them life. David writes, “Know that the LORD Himself is God; it is He who has made us, and not we ourselves” (Ps. 100:3). He determines the duration of each person’s life, having final control over the day and cause of a person’s death. It is written, “In Your book were all written the days that were ordained for me, when as yet there was not one of them” (Ps. 139:16). And Hannah, in her prayer says, “The LORD kills and makes alive; He brings down to Sheol and raises up” (1 Sam. 2:6). People live and die as God decides, “For in Him we live and move and exist” (Acts 17:28). God controls when and where people will live in history, for “He made from one man every nation of mankind to live on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation” (Acts 17:26). Even the great rulers of this world exist because of His plan, for “It is He who changes the times and the seasons; He removes kings and establishes kings; He gives wisdom to wise men and knowledge to men of understanding” (Dan. 2:21). God has power over wealth and poverty, for “The LORD makes poor and rich; He brings low, He also exalts” (1 Sam. 2:7). God allows fallen angels and humans to produce sin and evil, but they never act beyond or against His sovereign will (Job 1:1-21; Ps. 105:12-15; 1 Kings 22:19-23; 2 Cor. 12:7-10).

It is because God is absolutely sovereign that He can providentially control His creation and the affairs of mankind and bring about His will on the earth. God’s providence refers to His wise and personal acts, whereby He creates and controls circumstances in order to direct history according to His predetermined plan, all for His glory and the benefit of His elect. People live in the flow of history and are moved by the circumstances God controls. God “causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose” (Rom 8:28). By His sovereign will God created all things in heaven and earth, and sustains and directs them as He desires. God “is before all things, and in Him all things hold together” (Col. 1:17). The Lord knows all things at all times. He knows when a sparrow falls to the ground (Matt. 10:29), and the ever-changing number of hairs on our head (Matt. 10:30). He knows our thoughts before we think them (Ps. 139:2), and our words before we speak them (Ps. 139:4). He knows our wickedness (Jer. 17:9; Mark 7:21-22), and chooses to love us by grace, in spite of our sinfulness (Matt. 5:45; Rom. 5:6-10; Eph. 2:1-9). Some He elects to purpose, even from the womb (Jer. 1:5; Gal. 1:15). Because God is righteous, all His actions are just. Because He is loving and good, He directs all things for His glory and the benefit of His elect. The wicked are also under God’s sovereign control, and He uses them for His own ends (Prov. 16:4).

God’s Righteous Kingdom Promised to David

One must distinguish God’s universal and eternal kingdom from His earthly kingdom. God has a specific plan for the future to establish an earthly kingdom that will be centered in Jerusalem with Jesus Christ ruling on the throne. This promise is rooted in the Davidic covenant where God promised David that one of his descendants would rule on his throne forever (2 Sam. 7:12-13). The Lord said to David, “Your house and your kingdom shall endure before Me forever; your throne shall be established forever” (2 Sam. 7:16). That this was a covenant promise from God to David is specified elsewhere, where God states, “I have made a covenant [בְּרִית berith] with My chosen; I have sworn to David My servant, ⁴ I will establish your seed forever and build up your throne to all generations” (Ps. 89:3-4), and He further declares, “Once I have sworn by My holiness; I will not lie to David. ³⁶ His descendants shall endure forever and his throne as the sun before Me. ³⁷ It shall be established forever like the moon, and the witness in the sky is faithful” (Ps 89:35-37). A forever-kingdom requires a forever-Person to rule over it. Jeremiah spoke prophetically about this King and kingdom, saying:

“Behold, the days are coming,” declares the LORD, “When I will raise up for David a righteous Branch; and He will reign as king and act wisely and do justice and righteousness in the land. ⁶ “In His days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell securely; and this is His name by which He will be called, ‘The LORD our righteousness.’” (Jer. 23:5-6)

“Behold, days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will fulfill the good word which I have spoken concerning the house of Israel and the house of Judah. ¹⁵ “In those days and at that time I will cause a righteous Branch of David to spring forth; and He shall execute justice and righteousness on the earth.” (Jer. 33:14-15)

It cannot be missed that this promised descendant of David is described as “a righteous Branch” who shall “reign as king and act wisely and do justice and righteousness in the land.” Concerning this King, justice and righteousness will be the chief characteristic of His rule over Israel and the earth. Daniel writes about the eternal nature of this future earthly kingdom, saying, “In the days of those kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which will never be destroyed, and that kingdom will not be left for another people; it will crush and put an end to all these kingdoms, but it will itself endure forever” (Dan. 2:44). Earthly kingdoms come and go because their rulers die or are conquered. However, the future ruler of God’s kingdom on earth will never die, and this explains why it will “not be left for another people” and will last forever. It was also revealed to Daniel that God’s saints will participate in this kingdom, saying, “Then the sovereignty, the dominion and the greatness of all the kingdoms under the whole heaven will be given to the people of the saints of the Highest One; His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and all the dominions will serve and obey Him” (Dan. 7:27). A king has authority and subjects over which to rule. The saints of all time shall know the righteous rule of God’s King on the earth.

Jesus – God’s Righteous King

Up until the conception of Jesus, no one knew by name Who the King would be. There was only anticipation of His coming. The promise that was given to David, and reiterated by Jeremiah and Daniel, was finally confirmed to Mary, that her Son, Jesus, would sit on David’s throne and would reign over the house of Jacob forever. Jesus is the forever-King that God has decreed to rule over His forever-kingdom. The angel Gabriel revealed this to Mary as follows:

The angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary; for you have found favor with God. “And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name Him Jesus. “He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David; and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and His kingdom will have no end.” (Luke 1:30-33)

Several things are noticed about what Gabriel said to Mary: 1) the name of her Son is Jesus, which is derived from the Hebrew Joshua, which means “Yahweh saves.” 2) Gabriel said, “He will be great,” which speaks both of Him as a Person as well as His accomplishments. 3) He would be called “Son of the Most High,” which means He is equal with God the Father. 4) God would “give Him the throne of His father, David.” No doubt Mary would have thought of 2 Samuel 7:16 and perhaps Psalm 89:35-37, both of which reveal that God would raise a descendant of David to rule from his earthly throne in Jerusalem. 5) Jesus would “reign over the house of Jacob forever, and His kingdom will have no end.” The question, as one reads the Biblical text, is how did Mary understand what was said to her. It is natural that she would have understood the words in the plainest sense possible, that her Son, Jesus, would fulfill the Biblical promises concerning the son of David who would sit on His earthly throne and rule forever over Israel and the earth.^[1]

Jesus’ Offer of God’s Kingdom to Israel

As Jesus grew into manhood, His mother knew His identity, that He is the promised King of Israel and would set up the promised kingdom. Just before Jesus’ public ministry, John the Baptist came as His forerunner and proclaimed the offer of the kingdom, saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matt. 3:2). Jesus also proclaimed this message, saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel” (Mark 1:15).^[2] Both “repent” and “believe” are imperatives in Mark 1:15, which imply a volitional response of obedience from those who heard. These words are closely related and go together, like two sides of the same coin. Israelites were called to change their mind from whatever they were trusting in (i.e. repent), and to accept Jesus’ message that the kingdom was being offered to them (i.e. believe in Him as King and His offer of the kingdom). The concept of the Davidic kingdom was prominent in the minds of many Jews in Jesus’ day, so it’s not like He had to persuade them about His message. Jesus simply had to communicate the offer of the kingdom and wait for Israel’s response.

This concept was familiar to the Jews of Jesus’ day. In light of Old Testament prophecy (cf. 2 Sam. 7:8–17; Isa. 11:1–9; 24:23; Jer. 23:4–6; Micah 4:6–7; Zech. 9:9–10; 14:9) they were expecting a future messianic (Davidic) kingdom to be established on earth (cf. Matt. 20:21; Mark 10:37; 11:10; 12:35–37; 15:43; Luke 1:31–33; 2:25, 38; Acts 1:6). So Jesus did not have to arouse interest in His message. His hearers naturally understood His reference to the kingdom of God to be the long-awaited messianic kingdom predicted in the Old Testament.^[3]

Israel’s Rejection of the Kingdom

The arrival of the kingdom was contingent upon Israel’s repentance and belief. Jesus repeatedly proclaimed His offer of the kingdom (Matt. 4:17, 23; Mark 1:38; Luke 4:43; 8:1) and even sent His disciples out to all Israel to proclaim the message with validating signs (Matt. 10:5-8). Jesus confirmed His Messianic offer of the kingdom with many miracles (Matt. 11:2-5; 14:15-21; John 9:1-7; 10:37-38), which should have resulted in Israel’s acceptance of Him as their King. However, after much proof, Israel did not repent, and Jesus “began to denounce the cities in which most of His miracles were done, because they did not repent” (Matt. 11:20). It was the sad reality that “though He had performed so many signs before them, yet they were not believing in Him” (John 12:37). The Light of the world had come, but “men loved the darkness rather than the Light, for their deeds were evil” (John 3:19). The leadership of Israel did not deny Jesus was performing miracles, what they denied was the heavenly source behind His miracles, saying, “This man casts out demons only by Beelzebul the ruler of the demons” (Matt. 12:24). Israel’s rejection of Jesus as their King brought a pronouncement of judgment upon the nation (Matt. 23:37-39), but Israel’s leadership did not care, as they publicly told Pilate, “We have no king but Caesar” (John 19:15). So they crucified Jesus on a cross and treated Him as a lowly criminal (John 19:17-19). This was all in accordance with God’s providential plan (Acts 2:22-23; 4:27-28).

The Postponement of the Kingdom for a Future Time

The kingdom of God was postponed for a future time. Though postponed, its future fulfillment is certain, for Jesus told His disciples, “Truly I say to you, that you who have followed Me, in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on His glorious throne, you also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel” (Matt. 19:28; cf. Matt. 20:20-21). The Davidic kingdom will not arrive until the second coming of Jesus, for He says, “But when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne” (Matt. 25:31). Though they knew it was coming, His disciples did not know the exact time of its arrival. After Jesus death, burial and resurrection, His disciples asked, “Lord, is it at this time You are restoring the kingdom to Israel?” (Acts 1:6). But Jesus left them without a specific time, saying, “It is not for you to know times or epochs which the Father has fixed by His own authority” (Act 1:7). So, God has implemented the current church age, which is part of His eternal plan (Eph. 3:1-10; Col. 1:24-27), until such a time that He will establish His kingdom on the earth.

God Will Justly Reward Christians

Between the first and second coming of Jesus, there is the church age, and the following seven year Tribulation. The church age is marked by grace, whereas the seven year Tribulation will be a time of God’s wrath upon the earth. Christians, who live in the church age, will not face God’s wrath during the Tribulation (1 Thess. 1:10; cf. Rom. 5:9; 1 Thess. 5:9), for God will rapture His church at the end of the church age and take those Christians who are alive at that time directly to heaven (1 Thess. 4:13-18). Christians are not looking forward to a time of punishment upon the earth, but rather, we are “looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus” (Tit. 2:13). After the church is raptured to heaven, God will then dispense rewards to His faithful children who learned and lived His will during their lives on the earth. It is right for Christians to think that God will justly reward them in the future for the life of obedience they now live. Speaking about future rewards, Paul writes:

According to the grace of God which was given to me, like a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building on it. But each man must be careful how he builds on it. ¹¹ For no man can lay a foundation other than the one which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. ¹² Now if any man builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw, ¹³ each man’s work will become evident; for the day will show it because it is to be revealed with fire, and the fire itself will test the quality of each man’s work. ¹⁴ If any man’s work which he has built on it remains, he will receive a reward. ¹⁵ If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself will be saved, yet so as through fire. (1 Cor. 3:10-15)

This event will take place in heaven, after the rapture of the church, in which God will justly reward Christians. Paul himself personally expected a reward from God, saying, “in the future there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me on that day; and not only to me, but also to all who have loved His appearing” (2 Tim. 4:8). “Because he had been faithful Paul did not dread dying but looked forward to seeing His Lord. On the day of rewards for Christians (the judgment seat of Christ; 1:12, 18; 2 Cor. 5:10) Paul was confident that the Lord would give him a reward that was proper.”^[4] The future appearance of Christ at the rapture is important, and those who long for it will be rewarded.

God Will Suppress Rebellion before the Kingdom is Established

Sin is upon the earth, and it will continue to have a negative impact because people are temporarily permitted to continue in rebellion against God. However, Scripture reveals a time will come in which God will bring in everlasting righteousness, which will extend into eternity. A future day will come in which God will pour out His wrath upon the earth and will suppress all rebellion, both human and demonic.

The Book of Revelation, chapters 6-19, reveal this time of judgment upon the earth. In His wrath, God will put down the rebellion of Satan and his angels, unbelieving Israel, and unbelieving Gentiles. In all His judgments, God is righteous and just, whereas men are wicked and deserve wrath (Rev. 16:6-7; cf. 19:2). The hearts of men are corrupt, and rather than turning to God during this time of wrath, they try to flee and hide from Him (Rev. 6:15-16), they seek death rather than conform to His will (Rev. 9:6), they refuse to repent of their rebellion (Rev. 9:20-21), they rejoice and celebrate at the persecution and death of God’s servants (Rev. 11:7-10), they align themselves with the Satan (Rev. 13:3-4), they willfully blaspheme the holy name of God (Rev. 16:8-9, 11, 21), and they gather together to make war against Jesus Christ (Rev. 19:19). During the tribulation, God will punish those who killed the saints, as John writes:

“And I heard the angel of the waters saying, ‘Righteous are You, who are and who were, O Holy One, because You judged these things; ⁶ for they poured out the blood of saints and prophets, and You have given them blood to drink. They deserve it.’ ⁷ And I heard the altar saying, ‘Yes, O Lord God, the Almighty, true and righteous are Your judgments’” (Rev. 16:5-7).

We should not see the seven year Tribulation solely as a time of judgment and gloom, for God’s love and grace are also manifest. This is obvious in the kindness He shows to the 144,000 Jews He saves and calls to service (Rev. 7:4-8), to the martyrs who have died for their faith in Jesus (Rev. 7:9-17), to the two prophetic witnesses whom He resurrects (Rev. 11:11-12), to the nations who hear His gospel message (Rev. 14:6-7), and to those who enter into His kingdom after the Tribulation (Rev. 20:4-6).

Toward the end of the seven year Tribulation, it is recorded that God will judge Babylon, which is described as the “great harlot” that has corrupted the earth and killed His saints. Future Babylon has both religious and commercial aspects to it. In its entirety, future Babylon is a satanic system that unites religious and commercial practices that, at their core, are independent of God. John writes about God’s judgment, saying, “After these things I heard something like a loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying, ‘Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God; ² because His judgments are true and righteous; for He has judged the great harlot who was corrupting the earth with her immorality, and He has avenged the blood of His bond-servants on her’” (Rev. 19:1-2). God’s righteous judgment upon this great immoral system is just. “God has indeed vindicated the injustice visited on his servants by meting out true justice on the great prostitute, Babylon. She deserves the sentence because she corrupted the earth (cf. 11:18; Jer. 51:25) and killed the saints of God (cf. 18:24).”^[5] At the close of the Tribulation, Satan will be defeated and eventually bound for a thousand years (Rev. 12:7-9; 20:1-3), all unbelievers will be defeated (Rev. 19:19-21; cf. Matt. 24:29-35:46), leaving only believing Jews and Gentiles to enter His kingdom on earth (Rev. 19:19-21; cf. Matt. 24:29-35:46).

At His first coming, Jesus did no come to judge the world, but to save it. John writes, “For God did not send the Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world might be saved through Him” (Joh 3:17). Later Jesus states, “If anyone hears My sayings and does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I did not come to judge the world, but to save the world” (John 12:14; cf. Luke 19:10; 1 John 4:14). However, at His second coming, Jesus will judge the world, and He will judge it in righteousness. Concerning this, the apostle Paul wrote, “Therefore having overlooked the times of ignorance, God is now declaring to men that all people everywhere should repent, ³¹ because He has fixed a day in which He will judge the world in righteousness through a Man whom He has appointed, having furnished proof to all men by raising Him from the dead” (Acts 17:30-31). This teaching is not popular and frightens some. This was true when Paul was defending himself before Felix, as Luke writes, “But as he was discussing righteousness, self-control and the judgment to come, Felix became frightened and said, ‘Go away for the present, and when I find time I will summon you’” (Acts 24:25). The future becomes a fearful place for those who know they live sinful lives outside of God’s will.

The end of the Tribulation marks the end of the age of the Gentiles, a period starting with the Babylonian exile in 586 B.C. and culminating with the return of Christ to establish His millennial kingdom on earth. The apostle John writes about the second coming of Jesus, saying, “And I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and He who sat on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war” (Rev. 19:11). “The rider obviously is Jesus Christ, returning to the earth in glory. That He is coming as Judge is further supported by the fact that He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood (19:13; cf. Isa. 63:2–3; Rev. 14:20).”^[6]

After Christ puts down earthly rebellion, He will then judge those that survived the Tribulation. Matthew writes, “So it will be at the end of the age; the angels will come forth and take out the wicked from among the righteous” (Matt. 13:49). Of the wicked, it is said of them, “These will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life” (Matt. 25:46). This is a judgment that must take place before Christ sets up His kingdom. “The righteous and the ungodly will be sent away to their respective final places. There is no hint that the verdict can be changed. In concluding his teaching about the last judgment, Jesus said that those on his left hand ‘will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life’” (Matt. 25:46).^[7]

There will be a Future Resurrection of the Righteous

To be resurrected means a person who has died will receive a new body that will never experience death. Concerning resurrections in general, Daniel wrote, “Many of those who sleep in the dust of the ground will awake, these to everlasting life, but the others to disgrace and everlasting contempt” (Dan 12:1-2). Daniel is writing in general and referring to the resurrection of all people, both believers and unbelievers. However, we learn from other biblical passages that there are specific resurrections mentioned. The first person to be resurrected is Jesus (Matt. 28:1-7; Mark 16:1-11; Luke 24:1-12; John 20:1-18; 1 Cor. 15:3-4; Rev. 1:5). Jesus died because of our sin, and after three days in the grave, He was resurrected with a new body that will never die again. Paul wrote, “But now Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who are asleep” (1 Cor. 15:20). After the resurrection of Jesus, there will be other resurrections. These other resurrections are called the “first resurrection” (Rev. 20:5-6), or the “resurrection of the righteous” (Luke 14:14; Acts 24:15). Jesus spoke about a future resurrection of the righteous, and rewards associated with that resurrection, which should impact how the believer lives here and now. Jesus said, “But when you give a reception, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind, ¹⁴ and you will be blessed, since they do not have the means to repay you; for you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous” (Luke 14:13-14). And Paul, when standing on trial before Felix, spoke about a future “resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked” (Acts 24:15). The resurrection of the righteous includes believers from all ages up to the second coming of Jesus. There is a final resurrection that will take place at the end of Jesus’ millennial reign and consists of unbelievers only who will be thrown into the Lake of Fire. Concerning these various resurrections, Charles Ryrie states:

The resurrection of the just is also called the first resurrection and will occur in several stages, not all at once. The dead in Christ will be raised first at the rapture of the church (1 Thess. 4:16). The redeemed of the tribulation period who die during that time will be raised before the millennium (Rev 20:4). The redeemed of Old Testament times will also be a part of the resurrection of the just. Expositors are divided over when they will be raised, some believing that it will happen at the rapture when the church saints are raised, and others holding that it will occur at the second coming (Dan 12:2—the writer prefers the latter view)…all unsaved people of all time will be raised after the millennium to be judged and then cast into the lake of fire forever (Rev 20:11–15). At their resurrection they will apparently be given some sort of bodies that will be able to live forever and feel the effects of the torments of the lake of fire.^[8]

The Millennial Kingdom of Christ

After the Tribulation and judgment of those who survived, Jesus will set up His kingdom on the earth. This earthly kingdom was anticipated throughout Scripture (Jer. 23:5-6; Dan. 2:44-45; 7:27; Amos 4:1-4; Zech. 14:3-12; Matt. 6:10; Luke 1:31-33; Acts 1:6), and described as being ideal (Isa. 2:2-4; 11:1-9; 19:23-25; 35:1-10; 65:19-25; Amos 9:11-15; Rev. 20:1-6). Revelation chapter 20, for the first time in Scripture, specifies the duration of Christ’s reign on the earth as one thousand years (Rev. 20:1-6). John writes, “Then I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received the mark on their forehead and on their hand; and they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years” (Rev. 20:4). Paul explains that the kingdom of Christ on the earth will eventually become an eternal kingdom. This will be after the thousand year reign of Christ. Paul writes of this transition, saying, “then comes the end, when He hands over the kingdom to the God and Father, when He has abolished all rule and all authority and power. ²⁵ For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet” (1 Cor. 15:24-25).

Jesus came to earth the first time as a suffering Servant to die on the cross to bring salvation to all men (Gen. 3:15; Isa. 53; Mark. 10:45; John 3:16-19), and will come the second time to establish His righteous kingdom on earth (Isa. 9:7; 11:3-5; 42:1-4; Jer. 23:5; Rev. 20:1-6). The return of Christ is praiseworthy news to those who are in heaven and on the earth who love Him and look forward to His coming. However, it is bad news to those who hate him and resist His will on the earth (2 Thess. 1:3-10; Rev. 19:11-21).

Our Lord will be a King who reigns in righteousness (Isa. 32:1). Righteousness will be the belt of His loins (11:5). With righteousness He shall judge the poor (11:4; 16:5). Zion shall be called the city of righteousness (1:26). Only the righteous shall enter the kingdom at its inauguration (Matt. 25:37), and those who thirst after righteousness shall be filled (5:6).^[9]

Judgment after the Millennial Kingdom

After the millennial reign of Christ, there will be a time of judgment in which Christ will judge all unbelievers. This is called the Great White Throne judgment, which consists of resurrected unbelievers only, and it is to point out that they are unrighteous, not having received the gift of righteousness that is imputed to those who have trusted in Christ alone for salvation (Rom. 3:21-28; 2 Cor. 5:21; Eph. 2:8-9; Phil. 3:9). Since those who stand before the throne do not have God’s righteousness within them, they are left to be judged according to their human good works, which are not sufficient to gain them entrance into heaven (Isa. 64:6; Gal. 2:16; Tit. 3:5), and the fact that their names are not written in the book of life will ensure their assignment to the Lake of Fire forever (Rev. 20:14-15).

God Promises a Future World of Righteousness

There is much sin in the world. However, the believer anticipates a time in the future when God will remove all wickedness and bring in everlasting righteousness. Peter writes, “according to His promise we are looking for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness dwells” (2 Pet. 3:13). What promise is Peter thinking of? Most likely the promise mentioned in Isaiah, who wrote, “For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former things will not be remembered or come to mind” (Isa 65:17). This is a great hope of many Christians. “When our Lord returns He will take the reins of government and rule the nations of this world as a benevolent dictator (Rev. 19:15). Then and only then will the world experience a time of righteousness, justice, social welfare, economic prosperity, and spiritual knowledge.”^[10]

Man, by his own efforts, cannot bring perfect or lasting righteousness into the world. Certainly there are good and righteous people in the world, but the good they produce is often fleeting and has no lasting value. Even good rulers are only good for the duration of their rule, and there is no guarantee that his/her successor will follow in the same pattern of goodness. Because the nature of man is fallen and prone toward sin, the natural flow of human history tends toward corruption. The tendency of people is to promote self and exclude God from human government and institutions, and they do this to their own harm. However, apart from mankind’s weaknesses and failings, God has promised a new heavens and new earth, and the eternal state will be marked by righteousness.

Summary

God is sovereign and He rules over His creation. The sovereign God promised an earthly kingdom to His servant, David, that one of his descendants would rule in righteousness on his throne forever. Jesus, Who is Himself God, is that promised Son Who offered the kingdom to Israel, but they rejected Him and it. Jesus pronounced a curse upon Israel for a time that would last until the age of the Gentiles concluded. The Lord will reward church age believers after the rapture. God will also reward His saints at the second coming of Jesus and He will justly judge the wicked. Jesus will then establish His millennial kingdom on earth after He has put down all rebellion. The earthly kingdom will become an eternal kingdom, and righteousness will go on into eternity.

The future is bright because there is the hope of a good and righteous King who will bring in everlasting righteousness. This King is the Lord Jesus, the Christ, the Savior who will establish His kingdom upon the earth. Jesus will reign forever. Though His kingdom is preceded by a time of rebellion and judgment, He will suppress that rebellion, and once His righteous kingdom is established, it will never end.

Steven R. Cook, D.Min.

Related Articles:

[1] The simple fact of the Bible and history is that Jesus has not fulfilled these promised words. Jesus is seated, no doubt, on a throne in heaven; but it is not David’s throne, which is an earthly throne. In order for Jesus to fulfill the covenant promise given to David, as well as the reiteration stated by the angel Gabriel, Jesus must, at some time in the future, return and claim the throne that is rightfully His by promise.

[2] The word “gospel” simply means good news, and the good news that Jesus preached here was that of the promised kingdom. I’ve heard some preachers try to argue this “gospel” was the same as Paul’s and concerned the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus (1 Cor. 15:3-4). However, the death, burial and resurrection of Christ was foreign to the minds of those who followed Him (see Matt. 16:20; 17:22-23; 20:17-19). No, the gospel message of Jesus and John the Baptist was the good news about arrival of the Davidic King and the offer of His kingdom on earth.

^[3] John D. Grassmick, “Mark,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 107.

^[4] Tom Constable, Tom Constable’s Expository Notes on the Bible, 2 Tim. 4:8.

^[5] Alan F. Johnson, “Revelation,” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Hebrews through Revelation, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, vol. 12 (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981), 570.

^[6] John F. Walvoord, “Revelation,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 976.

^[7] Millard J. Erickson, Christian Theology, 1104.

^[8]Charles C. Ryrie, “Resurrections” A Survey of Bible doctrine (Chicago, Ill.: Moody Press, 1995), 182-183.

^[9] Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth, 594.

^[10] Ibid., 316.

The Biblical Resurrections

Posted on October 17, 2013 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

As for me, I know that my Redeemer lives, and at the last He will take His stand on the earth. Even after my skin is destroyed, yet from my flesh I shall see God; whom I myself shall behold, and whom my eyes will see and not another. My heart faints within me! (Job 19:25-27 NASB)

When God originally created Adam and Eve, He created them in His image (Heb. tselem), to have personality, consciousness, self-consciousness, intellect, volition and emotion (Gen 2:16-27). God formed Adam’s body from the dust of the earth and created his soul (Heb. nephesh; Grk. psuche) and breathed it into his body (Gen 2:7; 1 Cor 15:45). At that moment Adam became a living being.

When Adam sinned through disobedience and brought sin into the human race, he also brought death, both spiritual and physical (Gen 2:15-17; 3:1-8; Rom 5:12; 1 Cor 15:21-22). Death means separation. Spiritual death refers to separation from God, and physical death refers to the separation of the soul from the body. The unbeliever who is alive on the earth is separated from God in time, and should he continue his entire life rejecting the Gospel message (John 3:16; 1 Cor 15:3-4; Eph 2:8-9), will be separated from God for eternity in the Lake of Fire (Rev 20:11-15). At physical death, the soul is separated from the body. Solomon states, “Then the dust will return to the earth as it was, and the spirit will return to God who gave it” (Eccl 12:7). God gives life, and He takes life (1 Sam 2:6; Psa 100:3; Luke 12:20).

Death is not the final victor in life. God created the soul to be forever united with the body. Therefore, God will resurrect (Grk. anastasis) each body that has died and will reunite it with every human soul. It is necessary to distinguish between resuscitation and resurrection. There were times when God raised, or resuscitated, a person back to life, but that person was subject to death, and eventually died again (John 12:9-10). When a person is resurrected, they never die, but live forever (John 11:25-26).

Concerning resurrections in general, the OT prophet Daniel wrote, “Many of those who sleep in the dust of the ground will awake, these to everlasting life, but the others to disgrace and everlasting contempt” (Dan 12:1-2). Daniel is writing in general and referring to the resurrection of believers and unbelievers. The resurrection of believers means the body and soul will be reunited and spend eternity with God in heaven. The resurrection of unbelievers means the body and soul will be reunited and spend eternity separated from God in the Lake of Fire. We learn from other biblical passages that there are several resurrections mentioned in the Bible:

The resurrection of Jesus (Matt 28:1-7; Mark 16:1-11; Luke 24:1-12; John 20:1-18; 1 Cor 15:3-4; Rev 1:5).
Unidentified Old Testament saints were resurrected after Christ’s resurrection (Matt 27:50-53). There is some question as to whether these people were resurrected (to live forever and translated into heaven) or resuscitated (brought back to life and died again).
The resurrection of the church at the Rapture (1 Cor.15:51–53; 1 Th 4:14-17).
The two witnesses who are killed and resurrected during the tribulation (Rev 11:8-11).
The Tribulation saints (Rev 20:4-6).
Old Testament saints at the Second Coming after the Tribulation (Job 19:25-27; Isa 26:19; Ezek 37:12-14; Dan 12:1-2, 13).
The resurrection of all unbelievers at the end of the Millennium who stand before the Great White Throne before being thrown into the Lake of Fire (Rev 20:11-15). Those who are part of the second resurrection partake of the second death (Rev. 20:14).

The first resurrection occurs in several stages starting with Christ, and involves only believers who will live with Christ during His millennial reign and for all eternity (Rev 20:4-6). According to John Walvoord, it is called the first resurrection, “not in the sense of being number one or prior to all resurrections, but in the sense that it occurs before the final resurrection, the resurrection of the wicked.”[1] The final resurrection is for unbelievers only who will be thrown into the Lake of Fire, which will occur after the millennial reign of Christ. Charles Ryrie states:

The resurrection of the just is also called the first resurrection and will occur in several stages, not all at once. The dead in Christ will be raised first at the rapture of the church (1 Thess. 4:16). The redeemed of the tribulation period who die during that time will be raised before the millennium (Rev 20:4). The redeemed of Old Testament times will also be a part of the resurrection of the just. Expositors are divided over when they will be raised, some believing that it will happen at the rapture when the church saints are raised, and others holding that it will occur at the second coming (Dan 12:2—the writer prefers the latter view)…all unsaved people of all time will be raised after the millennium to be judged and then cast into the lake of fire forever (Rev 20:11–15). At their resurrection they will apparently be given some sort of bodies that will be able to live forever and feel the effects of the torments of the lake of fire.^{^[2]}

The following illustration may be helpful:

As a special note, all children who die before reaching God consciousness have heaven as their home. They are given resurrection bodies and will spend eternity in the presence of God. Robert Lightner states:

In the Bible, infants, little children, and others who cannot believe are neither told to believe nor expected to do so. They are not classified as wicked evildoers and rejecters of God’s grace. It is always adults who are addressed, either directly or indirectly, regarding these matters. Because the Bible has so much to say about those who cannot believe and yet says nothing about their being eternally separated from God because of their inability, we conclude that they have heaven as their home. They die safely in the arms of Jesus.[3]

Those who reach the age of God consciousness are accountable for their own lives. How each person responds to God determines his eternal destiny. Man cannot save himself, as he is severely damaged by sin and totally depraved (Rom 5:6-10; Eph 2:1-3). Today, the Gospel message of Jesus Christ is clear. The good news is, “God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life” (John 3:16; cf. 1 Cor 15:3-4). Salvation is as simple as, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved” (Acts 16:31).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

Related Articles:

[1] John F. Walvoord, Major Bible Prophecies (Grand Rapids: Michigan, Zondervan Publishing, 1991), 379.

^{^[2]}Charles C. Ryrie, “Resurrections” A survey of Bible doctrine (Chicago, Ill.: Moody Press, 1995), 182-183.

[3] Robert P. Lightner, Safe in the Arms of Jesus (Grand Rapids, Mich., Kregel Publications, 2000), 15-16.

The Lord’s Day of Vengeance

Posted on September 16, 2012 by Dr. Steven R. Cook

Many in the world today look to gods and religions that are ultimately no greater than those who support them. Sadly, many who defend them often resort to violence when their theological presuppositions are threatened. Unlike those who feel they must rise in violence to defend their religious beliefs, the mature Christian knows that God needs no defense, for He is the sovereign Lord of the universe, the Creator of all things, and He never feels threatened by the activities of mankind. When people speak out against Christ or Christianity, Christians do not take up arms in violent defense of God. The Lord is able to defend Himself, and indeed He does. When men rise and take their stand against God, “He who sits in the heavens laughs, the Lord scoffs at them” (Ps. 2:4), for “all the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing, but He does according to His will in the host of heaven and among the inhabitants of earth” (Dan. 4:35). Christianity is inherently strong, because it is God who supports and defends the Christian, not the Christian who supports and defends God.

Unbelievers often attack God because they are totally depraved and reside in a state of spiritual darkness. Total depravity means that every part of man’s being (mind, will, and emotions) is corrupted by sin, so that his natural tendency is toward self and sin. Man, by his very nature tends toward evil. We should not think solely of the immoral man, but also of the moral degenerates who have substituted works-religion in place a genuine relationship with God. The Bible tells us men are lost, and the heart of man is wicked to its core, for “out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, [and] slanders” (Matt. 15:19). It was not too long after the fall of Adam and Eve that “the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually” (Gen. 6:5). The Scripture reveals that the heart of every man is bent toward evil and “the heart is more deceitful than all else and is desperately sick; who can understand it?” (Jer. 17:9a). Most Christians in America seem regularly surprised at the ungodly behavior of unbelievers in the world. This surprise is due to the poor theology that streams from our weak pulpits where ignorant or cowardly pastors fail to teach the dynamic truths of God’s Word that should give Christians a correct view of the world that helps them orient to reality as God’s Word defines it. Unfortunately, solid theology is traded for tinsel teaching set to organ music, theatrically presented with colorful lights, and an orchestra and choir.

The world is an evil place, and those who have given themselves over to Satan’s evil system often demand that others in their periphery do the same. Failure to conform brings pressure and persecution. Persecution often comes in stages and is defined as “the suffering or pressure, mental, moral, or physical, which authorities, individuals, or crowds inflict on others, especially for opinions or beliefs, with a view to their subjection by recantation, silencing, or, as a last resort, execution” (G. W. Bromily, “Persecution,” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. 3, 771). Evil men often employ pressure tactics of all sorts, including violence, in order to obtain their objective. Paul wrote to Christians who were facing evil persecution and told them they must “not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” (Rom. 12:21).

Because persecution was part of the normal Christian experience in the early church, Paul knew they would be tempted to retaliate against their attackers and return evil for evil. Unjustified attacks naturally stimulate the sin nature within the Christian. Because the sin nature is usually the first responder in evil situations, the Christian must be careful to exercise self-restraint and not act impulsively, but control his emotions. The Christian must be governed by God’s Word and never by his emotions, as the Scripture tells him to “be angry, and yet do not sin” (Eph. 4:26). The Christian will face evil his entire life, so he should prepare for it. More so, he should ready himself mentally to respond as God would have him to respond, as a dignified ambassador for Christ (2 Cor. 5:20). And how should the Christian respond to evil?

Never pay back evil for evil to anyone. Respect what is right in the sight of all men. If possible, so far as it depends on you, be at peace with all men. Never take your own revenge, beloved, but leave room for the wrath of God, for it is written, “VENGEANCE IS MINE, I WILL REPAY,” says the Lord. (Rom. 12:17-19)

It’s easy to retaliate and kick the one who kicked you, or hit the one who hit you, or curse the one who cursed you. But this is not the Christian way. Jesus suffered unjustly many times throughout His life, and especially during the illegal trials which led to His crucifixion. And even though He was verbally reviled, “He did not revile in return; while suffering, He uttered no threats, but kept entrusting Himself to Him who judges righteously” (1 Pet. 2:23).

As children of God, we must live on the highest level—returning good for evil. Anyone can return good for good and evil for evil. The only way to overcome evil is with good. If we return evil for evil, we only add fuel to the fire. And even if our enemy is not converted, we have still experienced the love of God in our own hearts and have grown in grace. (Warren Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary: New Testament, Vol. 1, 556)

As Christians, we cannot stop the injustice or violence that often comes our way, but we can control our response to it by thinking and living biblically. I cannot help but think of Stephen who, when being falsely accused and stoned by his attackers, cried out to the Lord and said, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” and then prayed for his attackers, saying, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them!” (Acts 7:59-60). God sovereignly controlled the circumstances of Stephen’s martyrdom, and Stephen glorified the Lord by facing his death with an attitude of faith and love, looking to the Lord and trusting Him in the face of violent opposition.

By faith, the Christian has confidence in the face of suffering because he knows “God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose”(Rom. 8:28). Even if the Christian should face violent death, he knows he will leave this world and come immediately into the presence of the Lord (2 Cor. 5:8), have a new home in heaven (John 14:1-6), receive his resurrection body (1 Cor. 15:51-57; Phil. 3:21), obtain his eternal inheritance (1 Pet. 1:4-5), and enjoy the reality of the eternal life he received at the moment of he trusted Christ as his Savior (John 3:16; 10:28; 1 John 5:10). Jesus Himself stated “do not fear those who kill the body but are unable to kill the soul; but rather fear Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell” (Matt. 10:28).

Living in God’s will is not always easy, and it does not guarantee a positive response from those who follow worldly values. The teaching of Scripture is that “all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will be persecuted” (2 Tim. 3:12). Sadly, there are many Christians who suffer for sinful reasons and it is good that they suffer, if it teaches them humility and respect for legitimate authority. The Apostle Peter tells Christians to “make sure that none of you suffers as a murderer, or thief, or evildoer, or a troublesome meddler; but if anyone suffers as a Christian, he is not to be ashamed, but is to glorify God in this name” (1 Pet. 4:15-16). We cannot stop suffering in this life, but “it is better, if God should will it so, that you suffer for doing what is right rather than for doing what is wrong” (1 Pet. 3:17). We cannot control what other people think or how they behave, but we can control our response to them, and we can make sure that what we do is pleasing to the Lord by being obedient-to-the-Word believers. In this way, we can overcome evil by doing God’s will for our lives; and this is good.

The Christian cannot control much of the suffering that comes into his life, but he does not have to be overcome by that suffering, as he can look to God and maintain faith in His Word. Jesus was not overcome by the cruelty and suffering he endured, but showed love and forgiveness to His attackers (Luke 23:34), and “who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God” (Heb. 12:2). Stephen, who spoke strong words of truth while filled with the Holy Spirit, prayed and asked God to forgive those who were stoning him (Acts 7:60). Paul and Silas demonstrated loving concern for the jailer who kept them in chains, sharing the gospel with him when given the opportunity (Acts 16:22-32). Our lives may be vulnerable to the unjust pain and suffering caused by others, but we must look beyond the suffering and be willing to love even our attackers for the sake of Christ in the hope that they may come to know the gospel and be saved.

Rejoicing in the midst of Christian suffering is an act of the will, not a natural emotional response. By faith the Christian chooses to praise God in the midst of his suffering because he knows God is using that suffering to produce the character of Christ in him (John 16:33; Rom. 5:3-5; Jam. 1:2-4). Even when the Christian faces death at the hands of violent attackers, he is to continually entrust himself to God as the keeper of his soul (Luke 23:46; Acts 7:59). The Christian overcomes evil when he adopts God’s will for his life and follows it, no matter the cost. The Christian overcomes evil by committing himself to doing God’s will according to Scripture and refusing to bow down to the evil pressures of weak people who have surrendered themselves to Satan’s worldly system. To be sure, overcoming evil is not a onetime event, but a lifetime activity that has application to every aspect of life wherever evil is encountered.

Turning now to the matter of God’s vengeance, let me be clear that God has not ignored the fact that His children are being wrongly treated everywhere. The above section was presented first to show the believer that God is aware of the unjust suffering that His people face and to make the Christian aware that the Lord has provided everything he needs to overcome every adversity this world will present, so that that he might face it with courage and honor (Rom. 5:3-5; 8:28; Eph. 1:3; Jam. 1:2-4). At the present, God is being patient with sinful men, withholding His wrath and graciously drawing them to Himself and saving many (2 Pet. 3:9). However, though the grace of God is infinite in scope, it is not eternal in its duration, and there will come a day when the Lord’s grace will largely be withdrawn from this world, and He will pour forth His wrath upon mankind (Rev. 6-19). In the book of Revelation, the Apostle John had a vision in which he saw underneath an altar, “the souls of those who had been slain because of the word of God, and because of the testimony which they had maintained” (Rev. 6:9). These are the souls of martyred saints who will be persecuted and put to death unjustly at the hands of violent men because of their faith in Christ. John heard them crying out to God and asking, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, will You refrain from judging and avenging our blood on those who dwell on the earth?” (Rev. 6:10). The answer that came in heaven was, “…they were told that they should rest for a little while longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been, would be completed also” (Rev. 6:11). Patience was required. God has in His mind a set number of martyrs who must die for their faith before the measure of the world’s sinful cup becomes full, and then He will pour forth His righteous wrath upon the world and bring about the judgment it so richly deserves.

Christians who look to the Lord for justice have every right to call out to Him in expectation that He will judge and avenge them for their mistreatment in the world. Even though Scripture tells the believer, “Never take your own revenge, beloved, but leave room for the wrath of God”, it also assures him that vengeance will come, for the Lord says, “VENGEANCE IS MINE, I WILL REPAY” (Rom. 12:19). God will execute vengeance on the earth, and that day of retribution will ultimately come when the Lord Jesus Christ personally returns to earth at His second coming. At this time He will put down all human rebellion and establish His millennial kingdom (Rev. 19:11-21; 20:1-6). John saw in a vision the return of the Lord Jesus Christ at His second coming and described it as follows:

And I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and He [Jesus Christ] who sat on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war. His eyes are a flame of fire, and on His head are many diadems; and He has a name written on Him which no one knows except Himself. He is clothed with a robe dipped in blood, and His name is called The Word of God. And the armies which are in heaven, clothed in fine linen, white and clean, were following Him on white horses. From His mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may strike down the nations [who oppose Him], and He will rule them with a rod of iron; and He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty [cf. Isa. 63:1-6]. And on His robe and on His thigh He has a name written, “KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.” Then I saw an angel standing in the sun, and he cried out with a loud voice, saying to all the birds which fly in midheaven, “Come, assemble for the great supper of God, so that you may eat the flesh of kings and the flesh of commanders and the flesh of mighty men and the flesh of horses and of those who sit on them and the flesh of all men, both free men and slaves, and small and great.” And I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to make war against Him who sat on the horse and against His army. And the beast [i.e. the Antichrist of the Tribulation] was seized, and with him the false prophet who performed the signs in his presence, by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image; these two were thrown alive into the lake of fire which burns with brimstone. And the rest were killed with the sword which came from the mouth of Him who sat on the horse, and all the birds were filled with their flesh. (Rev. 19:11-21)

Rest assured, there is a day of vengeance coming upon this world, and Jesus Christ, the Son of God, will personally bring it to pass (Rev. 19:11-21; cf. Isa. 63:1-6). After the millennial reign of Christ, all unbelievers of human history will stand before the Great White Throne of Christ and be judged because they had rejected Jesus Christ as their Savior (Rev. 20:11-15). Because their names were “not found written in the book of life,” they will be “thrown into the lake of fire” (Rev. 20:15). A day of judgment follows a day of vengeance. Until then, believers must stay the course and be faithful to the Lord as His ambassadors to a lost and hostile world He desires to save (2 Pet. 3:9).

Dr. Steven R. Cook

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