Scripture presents salvation as a complete divine program with distinct phases accomplished by God. The New Testament distinguishes justification (Rom. 3:28; 5:1), sanctification (Rom. 12:1–2; Jam. 1:21), and glorification (Rom. 13:11; Phil. 3:20–21). Our justification and glorification are accomplished entirely by God, apart from any human effort or works. Sanctification, however, though fully provided and empowered by God (Eph. 1:3), requires doctrinal knowledge (John 17:17; 1 Pet. 2:2) and positive volition to make it effective (John 7:17), as believers are commanded to “work out” their salvation in time (Phil. 2:12–13).