Salvation began in eternity past with the plan of God. Before the foundation of the world, God the Father designed redemption and commissioned God the Son to accomplish it. Scripture declares that God “saved us and called us… according to His own purpose and grace which was granted us in Christ Jesus from all eternity” (2 Tim. 1:9). The Son, the eternal Word, willingly agreed to this mission, saying, “Behold, I have come… to do Your will, O God” (Heb. 10:7). Scripture reveals, “when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman” (Gal. 4:4). He entered history as the God-Man, true deity and true humanity united without confusion or division. This is the hypostatic union, the only Person qualified to mediate between God and man (1 Tim. 2:5).
The Holy Spirit played a decisive role in the incarnation. Jesus was conceived through divine agency in the womb of the virgin Mary, a supernatural act. The angel Gabriel explained, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; and for that reason, the holy Child shall be called the Son of God” (Luke 1:35). This ensured that Christ’s humanity was real yet untainted by sin. He was born without a sin nature, fully human and perfectly righteous. Scripture affirms, “He knew no sin” (2 Cor. 5:21), and “in Him there is no sin” (1 John 3:5). His unstained humanity qualified Him to go to the cross as the spotless Lamb of God (John 1:29), uniquely able to bear the sins of the world.
At the cross, the purpose of His coming reached its climax. In His humanity, in His physical body, Jesus bore our sins and paid the full penalty. Scripture states, “He Himself bore our sins in His body on the cross” (1 Pet. 2:24). The justice of God was satisfied as Christ was judged in our place. Isaiah writes, “He was pierced through for our transgressions” (Isa. 53:5), and “The Lord has caused the iniquity of us all to fall on Him” (Isa. 53:6). This is substitutionary atonement. Christ died as our substitute, taking the punishment we deserved, so that God could remain just while justifying the one who believes in Jesus (Rom. 3:26–28; 4:5; 5:1). When Jesus declared, “It is finished” (John 19:30), the work of redemption was fully accomplished. Afterward, He died physically and was placed in a grave (Matt. 27:59–60), and then was raised to life on the third day (Matt. 28:5–6).
Jesus’ resurrection was bodily, literal, and permanent. He rose never to die again (Rom. 6:9), demonstrating victory over sin, death, and the grave. His work on the cross was sufficient for all mankind, for “He Himself is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but also for those of the whole world” (1 John 2:2). Unlimited atonement means “that Messiah died for all humanity, and salvation, based upon that death, is therefore offered to all humanity.”[1] Christ died for all, but the benefits of His work are applied only to those who believe. The sole condition for receiving eternal life is faith alone in Christ alone. Scripture states, “He who believes in Him has eternal life” (John 3:16). At the moment of faith in Jesus, God grants forgiveness (Acts 10:43), imputes His righteousness (2 Cor. 5:21), and gives eternal life (John 10:28).
The gospel message is “that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures” (1 Cor. 15:3–4). Salvation was made available to everyone, but each person must personally believe in Christ as Savior. God does not force anyone to be saved. The provision has been paid in full, and the offer is totally free to all who want it. According to Geisler, “Salvation is given by an act of God’s freedom, and it is received by an act of our freedom. To be sure, this act of freedom is aided by God’s grace, but His grace does not save apart from the co-operation of our will.”[2]
This brings the issue to a point of personal decision. Christ has done the work. The penalty has been paid in full. Eternal life is offered as a free gift. Scripture says, “The free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Rom. 6:23b). The question is whether one will believe in Him. Will you trust that Jesus is the eternal Son of God who came in the flesh, died for your sins, and rose again? This is not about good works, reform, or religion. Scripture is clear, “For by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God not as a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Eph. 2:8–9). At this very moment, you can place your faith in Christ and receive eternal life. Scripture reveals, “whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life” (John 3:16b), and “He who believes in the Son has eternal life” (John 3:36a). We need only Christ to be saved.
Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.
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- Salvation if Free, Discipleship is Costly
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- A Look at Grace
- God’s Imputed Righteousness
- Not of Works
[1] Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, God’s Will & Man’s Will: Predestination, Election, & Free Will, ed. Christiane Jurik, 2nd Edition (San Antonio, TX: Ariel Ministries, 2014), 43.
[2] Norman L. Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Three: Sin, Salvation (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2004), 188.







When God the Son added perfect humanity to Himself, this enabled Him to experience suffering and death with, and on behalf of, humanity. The suffering of Christ may be viewed in at least two ways: 1) His suffering during His time on earth prior to the cross, and 2) the suffering of the cross. As the God-Man, Jesus was perfectly holy in all His thoughts, words, and actions. Such perfect holiness brought with it a special form of suffering in this world that the rest of us could never know, since we are capable of yielding to the pressures of sinful temptation. When the time of His death was nearing, Jesus told His disciples “that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised up on the third day” (Matt 16:21; cf., Mark 8:31; Luke 9:22). It’s noteworthy that Jesus said His suffering, dying, and resurrection were things that “must” happen to Him. The use of the Greek verb dei (δεῖ) here denotes divine necessity, which meant it was the will of God the Father that these things happen to Christ. Thomas Constable notes, “Jesus said that it was necessary (Gr. dei) for Him to go to Jerusalem. He had to do this because it was God’s will for Messiah to suffer, die, and rise from the dead. He had to do these things to fulfill prophecy (Isa 53; cf. Acts 2:22–36).”
In this passage we observe these early descendants of Noah all spoke the same language and chose to settle in the land of Shinar contrary to God’s previous command to “fill the earth” (Gen 9:1). After settling, they began to use God’s resources of volition, intelligence, language, and building materials to build a city for themselves, as well as a tower into heaven. All of this was done to make a name for themselves, rather than to obey and glorify God. Their big plans and big tower were small in the sight of God, who “came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built” (Gen 11:5). No matter how big their tower, it would never reach heaven, and the Lord condescended to see their production. Of course, the Lord knew all along what they were doing, and this satirical language helps us understand the work of men from the divine perspective. Because it was God’s will for them to fill the earth, He confused their language and scattered them over the earth (Gen 11:6-9). According to Allen Ross: